Game †leadership Essay

Some people prefer to play team sports, while others prefer to play individual sports. Discuss the advantages of each. Then indicate which you prefer and why. Probably, I will not tell you a secret if I say that sport plays a great role in our life. It is also known that the reason of its popularity is not only that sport is a well known method to keep fit, be healthy and beautiful, nice entertainment and recreation. Actually, nowadays, sports, both team and individual, is an integrated part of politics and business, which really lets to earn much money and perhaps this fact makes our passion to it even greater. As for me, I like different kinds of sports independently if it is team or individual one. But frankly speaking, in some situations I give preferences to one of them. First I’d like to speak about advantages of team sports. As for me, all kinds of team sports can be not only a nice entertainment but also a perfect training. Team games usually develop skills of working in group, contribution and, of course, leadership. I like to watch them more then to play. It is interesting for me to define a leader in the team and spy upon him or her. Actually, I have made an interesting own revelation – real team leaders are not always the captains of the team. Unfortunately, the same sometimes happens in other shears of life. As for the advantages of the individual sports, I’d like admit, that besides it gives vivid profits to the health and body, I think it also adds much to the ability of the person to struggle. Winning in sport games, successful sportsman achieves a success in all other fields. Actually I like this idea very much and that is why I feel an excitement both while watching some individual sports and even more while playing myself. In my school years I went info tennis. That is why till now I like this kind of sport mostly. According to my trainer’s words, tennis is the sport for aristocrats, that means that the movements of tennis players should be gentle, but at the same time accurate. Thus, there is no doubt for all of us that sport is very significant part of our life. It gives us not only an opportunity to be healthy and beautiful, but also a chance to be successful. As for me I like almost all kinds of sport games, but still myself I prefer to play individual sports, because it helps me to keep fit and always rush to the victory.

Marketing of Burj Al Arab in Dubai Essay

Abstract: This paper discusses the marketing of Burj AlArab hotel in Dubai. It contains a brief description of the hotel and his history. It describes about the culture in Dubai and how it affects the hotel. A SWOT analysis has been discussed in the paper to know about its situation in Dubai. It also shows you the competitor of Burj Al Arab in Dubai and the marketing audit shows that how the hotel is positioned in the market .It concludes by stating how Burj Al Arab can maintain and develop its policies to keep it top in competitive market of Dubai. BURJ AL ARAB – The Arabian Tower of the Jumeirah Beach Resort. With 321 meters, this is the world ´s tallest hotel, only 60 meters shorter than the Empire State Building. This all-suite hotel stands 27 double-height storeys high and comprises 202 duplex suites. Your transfer to the hotel may be arranged by one of the world ´s largest fleets of Rolls Royce. Reaching new heights of luxury and service levels, Burj Al Arab offers a choice of 142 1-Bedroom DeLuxe Suites, 18 1-Bedroom Panoramic Suites, four 1-Bedroom Club Suites, 28 2-Bedroom Suites, six 3-Bedroom Suites, two Presidential Suites and two Royal Suites. The finest materials have been sourced from around the globe for your luxury and comfort, coming together in exclusively designed and handcrafted interiors. All suites feature floor to ceiling windows and are of course equipped with the latest technology like interactive television (with a camera that views all visitors to the suite – and you can give access to them without leaving the comfort of your bed or the armchair), all-purpose office equipment, laptop computers and internet access(First class travel 2006)Dubai :-Dubai is the most populous and second largest emirate (in terms of size) in the federation after Abu Dhabi.Dubai is distinct from other members of the UAE in that revenues from oil account for only 6% of i ts gross domestic product. A majority of the emirate’s revenues are from the Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZ) [2] and now, increasingly, from tourism. Dubai is currently the second largest developing city in the world after Shanghai.With enormous construction and development in various industries.Dubai has attracted world attention through innovative real  estate projects, sports events, conferences and guiness records.(Wikipedia 2006)SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS:-To know marketing strategies, it is essential to know as much as possible about the market place or environment in which the property operates. A situation analysis researches the properties current position in the marketplace and reveals potential opportunities to promote the property. (Abbey1998,pp54-55)Cultural Influence:The cultural environment holds deeply influence on marketing behavior. Hotel industry needs to be sensitive to cultural variation in the environment and grasp opportunities for expanding. For instance, In Dubai there is 80 percent foreigners who have investments, businesses and employments. Over 1100 staff members from 50 different nationalities work in different areas of Burj AL Arab hotel. Therefore, they bring the diverse cultures from all different home countries such as religions, values, and social behaviors, etc. There will be slight or even severe varies between different guest groups, product suppliers, and hotel employees. It is crucial important for the managerial level to treat people with equal respect and revere different cultural norms.(sevenseashotels 2006). SWOT Analysis :SWOT defines the desired output from the formal analysis which must precede the selection of the strategy and the formulation of the plans to implement it.(Baker 1998,p139)STRENGTHS :†¢The infrastructure of the building which is like a sail boat which gives the guest a very fine and different experience. †¢All the restaurant , bars has a different outlook and are very famous world wide. Ex:Al Mahara – seafood restaurant accessible by a three minute virtual submarine voyage. Magnificent oval aquarium visible throughout the restaurant. Al Iwan – sea view restaurant. Finest Arabian hospitality with dà ©cor of dramatic gold, red and black†¢Member of the leading hotels of the world.(sevenseas hotels 2006)WEAKNESS:†¢Dubai is promoted as a tourist destination but is more of a commercial destination which have a great impact on the hotel. †¢The rigid climate and the culture of Dubai does not help the hotel to stay flexible. †¢The major economy of Dubai is based on oil and gas so the Dubai government does not stress on hospitality and tourism sector. OPPORTUNITIES:†¢Dubai as slowly developing as a commercial destination which will help the hotel to attract lot of business travelers. †¢Dubai is pressurizing more on building lot of theme parks and sports activities which can help the hotel to attract lot of international tourist. THREATS:†¢Lot of new entrants as Dubai is developing in to one of the best commercial cities. †¢High prices of the accommodations which gives advantage to the other hotelsCOMPETITOR ANALYSIS:As Dubai is one of the biggest developing commercial centers there is a lot of competition in the hotels to attract the tourist. The detail comparison for product differentiation Burj al arab and its competitors are as follows:Burj Al Arab : world class duple suites-non smoking rooms-data ports-complimentary news paper-hair dryer-room service-spectacular views-bar-spa-jaccuzi-sauna-shopping center-private health and fitness facility-theropy rooms-Aerobic room-restraunt. (Burj Al Arab 2006)Sheraton Jumeira Beach Resort And Towers :cabletv-hair dryer-child care-wake up service-see view -spa-sauna-bar-shopping center-outdoor tennis-water sports-squash courts-golf course. (Star wood hotels 2006)Hyatt Regency Dubai : Non smoking rooms-cable Tv- complimentary news papper-roomservice-child care-spa-sauna-bar-shopping center-fishing-tennis-restraunt. (Regency hyatt 2006)Le Meridien Mina Seyahi Resort :Wheel chair-free news papper-child care-modem lines-room service-TV with cables-Hair dryer-Mini bar-outdoor pool-spa-tennis-fitness center-shops-restraunt. (Le Meridien Mina Seyahi Resort 2006)PORTERS 5 FORCES APLICATIONS TO BURJ AL ARABRivalry Among Existing Firm:HIGHIt has a lot of competitor as above mentioned which have strong brand names among the local and international travelers. In order to leverage brand equity, Burj Al Arab hotel must possess better quality of service facilities more than its competitors. Threat Of New Entrants:HIGHBurj Al Arab has got many loyal customers but a small mishandling in customers expectations may cause the loyal customers to switch to another property. Dubai being a commercial developing city there are lot of hotels coming in. Bargaining Power Of Buyers:LOWMajority of the customers always pay close attention to the hotel price .It has all suite rooms which in all is different from other hotels so the people which the hotel target is specific so the bargaining power of customer is less. Bargaining Power Of Suppliers:LOW The hotel has to face a pressure from their suppliers; however the hotel can reduce it by partnering with travel agencies or big market chains purchasing high volume of products. Threat Of substitute:LOWBeing a very high class property and having a great brand name there are almost no threats to the beautiful property of Burj Al Arab. MARKETING AUDITS:A marketing audit is a systematic and thorough examination of a companies marketing position. (J.Baker1998,p237). POSITIONING:In the case of BURJ AL ARAB hotel Dubai, due to great occupancy rate and high industries growth rate , it experienced the high market growth and strong competitive advantage. Burj A Arab have a lot of competitor like Le Meridien Sayahi ,Hyatt Regency Dubai, Sheraton Jumeira Beach hotel And much more ,Which have a strong brand reputation among local and international travelers. In order to leverage  brand equity , Burj Al Arab hotel must possess better quality of service facilities above its competitors. CONCLUSION:The above report provides detail report on the market analysis of Burj Al Arab in Dubai and reviewing the marketing strategies, influence of the culture on the hotel, its position in the market and its competitors. The city of Dubai is a highly developing commercial centre, with many new hotels coming up with recognized brand names. In order to develop a competitive advantage the hotel should maintain and develop the following points:1)To emphasise propagating the architectural miracle and there unique suite rooms. 2)To continue implementing high quality of service. 3)To persist in high price and standards strategy. 4)To promote sports events, and Dubai shopping festival. REFERENCE LIST: Abbey.J.R(1998)Hospitalaity Sales And Marketing,Educational institute of the American Hotel & Motel Association. Baker.M.J(2000)Marketing Strategy And Management, Palgrave MacmillanKotler.p,Keller.k(2006)Marketing management 12e,Pearson Prentice Hallhttp.//www.firstclasstravel.de/burjalarab.htm (last visited 16/4/06)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dubai (last visited 16/4/06)http://www.starwoodhotels.com/sheraton/search/hote_detail.html?propertyID=1326(last visited 16/4/06)http://dubai.regency.hyatt.com/hyatt/hotels/(last visited 16/4/06)http://www.lemeridien-minaseyahi.com/-14k(last visited 16/4/06)

The Impact of Web Analytics on E-Commerce Essay

The Impact of Web Analytics on E-Commerce - Essay Example Managers are also able to establish what customers need, understand the business environment and make informed decisions to boost business performance. At the technological, organizational, operations and management levels, web analytics has tremendous impacts. Technology has made web analytics possible and effective. With the help of modern technologies, organizations have achieved great goals with web analytics. The paper discusses web analytics and its impacts on the organization on various fronts. The Impact of Web Analytics on E-Commerce from Each of the Following Perspectives: Management, Technology, and Organizational Web Analytics Web analytics is a general term that entails the study of the effects of Websites on the users (Hasan and Polya 2009, p814). Harinath et al. (2011, p118) defines web analytics as the web data analysis. In other words, the business intelligence permits analyst to have an insight of web-based businesses such as customer support and e-commerce. Web ana lytics permits an individual to recognize consumer behaviour and identify general trends on sales so that the business can personalize its services for the consumers and increase their satisfaction levels. With web analytics, the business can understand how well its online, content, and products processes are functioning (Harinath et al. 2011, p118). The process of getting web data and creating a data warehouse entails collection of data, which is, getting data from commercial enterprises, third-party sources, campaign advertising, and web logs. It also involves the transformation of data, that is, making the existing log data useful and relating it to the company’s campaign advertising, third party, and commercial data sources. It also entails reporting of data, which is, publishing and storing the data in a meaningful way such that the directors and analysts can comprehend what they are reading (Harinath et al. 2011, p119). The main aim of web analytics is to transform data collected from various sources to get a meaningful intelligence concerning the company’s website. It entails the process of storing, analyzing, filtering, and collecting commerce, click-stream, and third-party data. The click-stream BI situations range from designing the web site better, understanding the navigation patterns, and comprehending what the users search to personalize the recommendations (Harinath et al. 2011, p118). Currently, e-commerce companies or organizations make use of web analytics software to evaluate actual details. These details include the number of people visiting their site, the number of visitors who are unique, â€Å"how they came to the site, what keywords they searched with on the site’s search engine, how long they stayed on a given page or on the entire site, what links they clicked on, and when they left the site† (Hasan and Poyla 2009, p814). Web analytic software is also utilized in monitoring if the pages on the site are wor king appropriately. With such information, the administrators are capable of determining the popular site areas and areas within the site that are not getting traffic. The administrators then use the data collected to streamline the site in a manner, which creates the best experience (Hasan and Poyla 2009, p814). E-commerce is done through the email and the World Wide Web. Television, radio, print media, web banners, and emails are among the common means

The idea of love in john donne and shakespeare Essay

The idea of love in john donne and shakespeare - Essay Example It is like a little song that states a problem, explores the implications and resolves the dilemma. In many ways, Shakespeare’s and Donne’s poetry are familiar but have contrasts as well. This paper will focus on the idea of love as portrayed by the two in their sonnets (Blair, 2005). Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided in three groups as they address three different people while Donne’s are divided in two parts; the witty love and religious merit. Shakespeare’s sonnet 130 shows how he makes fun at the courtly conventions during those days. This love sonnet mocks how other people think of love but it does not undermine his mistress’s beauty. While other people compare the lips to coral, in the sonnet he says that â€Å"coral is far more red than her lips†. Shakespeare says she would love her even if her breast were ‘dun’. In his love sonnets, Shakespeare writes for a wider audience and tries to convince them to see things fr om his perspective. Shakespeare uses a different language to express love, for instance he quotes â€Å"if hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head†. In love poems, many poets will make the hair look soft, long and probably golden (Shakespeare and Booth, 2000). In a love sonnet, the reader will not expect a language like black wires on the head or ‘dun’ breasts. ... Shakespeare uses a dark lady to depict beauty and love which is the opposite of renaissance love poetry. This interprets love to be an internal force that have power even over the external forces such as looks. According to Shakespeare, love is more than the looks, material things and romance (Martin, 2010). In sonnet 73, Shakespeare seems to be the speaker, and is pleading for love to grow stronger. He uses a soothing and humble tone in this sonnet. In sonnet 116, the ideal love according to Shakespeare is the kind that perseveres and does not wear with time. He states â€Å"love is not love, which alters when its alterations finds†. When a love relationship is broken, it is accompanied by heartaches and in his opinion; love can also hurt, as written in sonnet 147 (Shakespeare & Booth, 2000). Looking at Donne’s second sonnet ‘song’, speaker uses impossible actions and fantastic language to show love. For example, â€Å"Teach me to hear mermaids sing†. His emotions and how he feels about love can be strongly felt through his poetry. His sonnet, ‘the canonization’ talks about two lovers whose love cannot be understood by anyone else (Donne & Redpath, 2009). Donne seems to tackle the ideal love from his experiences in life. He had eloped with his underage love Anne, and it is not clear whether this poem portrayed how his father and the society failed to understand and objected their marriage. Despite the hardship, the couple loved each other deeply. In this sonnet, nobody believed that these lovers should be allowed to be and that is why they talk ridiculously behind their back. This is a metaphor to show that they will talk and ridicule them but they will long to have a deep love just as theirs (Donne, & Stringer, 2005).

Gold Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gold - Article Example 76). The Spaniards rejected this attempt mainly because gold was at that time contributing immensely to their economy and a victory for the French empire would have amounted to the economic decline of the Spaniards. Germany was not left behind in the fight for gold; it rubbed shoulders with several European states between 1939 and 1941. In this period, Germany invaded cities in the Netherlands, Western Poland, Denmark, Belgium, Norway, and Greece. The major reason why the Hitler led troops carried out such attacks was that they knew that if they took control over the deposits of gold within such regions, they would be regarded as a superpower, not only within Europe but also throughout the whole world. Over and above, gold has since its discovery revolved around various centres of power. In the past, for example, it was regarded with high esteem and was only at the disposal of the great leaders who existed within such generations (McDonald & Gastmann, 2001, p. 119). Those in authority were convinced that the more gold they had, the more powerful they were, hence their decision to control several deposits of

How do teacher salaries affect students Why does it matter than Essay

How do teacher salaries affect students Why does it matter than teachers earn tens of thousands more in some districts than others - Essay Example This translates to schools which have better academic preparation and schools that are inadequately prepared. The disparity is evident with the results high stake tests that low budgeted schools are destined to fail. This issue matter because students are being subject to the same rigorous aptitude examinations and the unfairness in children’s preparatory education shows up in the result of the tests. The high stake tests which Kozol identified as the culprit, really would make inner-city children fail due to their inadequate preparation which resulted from little budget allocation from the government. To keep up, there are schools that adopt drastic measures just to raise test scores whose method can be compared to military schools. This is not helpful because instead of keeping up, children drops out of school not to mention that it damages their psychological well being that some were even crying when they undergo the rigor of ill-budgeted school’s drastic measures. It defeats the purpose of education because students would opt to be out of school than to be subjected to such punitive measures of schools just to keep

Company Policy - Recruiting and Selecting Coursework

Company Policy - Recruiting and Selecting - Coursework Example No single firm can succeed without having laid down policies that govern its day to day operations. For that reason, ASDA also has its laid down rules, principles, guidelines or directions that must be adhered to while selecting and recruiting employees. These rules and guidelines enable the firm to receive highly qualified and skilled employees. In addition to that, the selected employees are best suited for the job to ensure the overall growth and progress of the firm. In ensuring that all employees as well as potential ones understand its policies, ASDA has printed leaflets and availed them in all its outlets. Furthermore, the selection and recruitment policy is available online in the company’s website for public viewing. The policy has clarified the entire process involved in the selection and recruitment of new employees. It states that individuals wishing to work in ASDA should fill in application forms available online or visit nearest ADSA stores, and fill application forms. Thereafter, shortlisted individuals are called for interviews and their personality and working competencies scrutinized. Qualified individuals are selected and further taken to psychology tests where their IQ is tested. People with high IQ and pleasant personality are selected and given roles that makes use of their brilliance. ADSA also has clear procedures that allow recruitment of old people aged fifty years and above. The old people are viewed to have experience which is beneficial to the supermarket. These policies are extremely vital in ensuring the growth and progress of the company. It stresses on employment of qualified people who work to ensure that the supermarket achieves its goals and objectives. It serves the supermarket’s purpose in providing quality service to the people. Employing old people promotes the society’s culture to respect and take care of the elderly people. It gives them a chance to take part in nation building. The policy is updat ed every now and then to ensure that it reflects the current changes in the market demands. The regular updates ensure that the supermarket employs qualified individuals who are focused and dedicated in advancing its goals. The recruitment and selection policy is accepted and known by all stakeholders in the business. The society, customers, employees and customers makes up the stakeholders in ADSA. Every group has a role to play in the business; thus, wide knowledge of the supermarket’s policy will ensure that they perform their roles in the best manner possible. For instance, employees will understand what is expected of them, how to conduct their duties as well as the procedures involved in securing promotions. The customers, on the other hand, will understand best how they should be treated by the supermarket’s employees. Furthermore, having knowledge of the recruitment and selection policy will make them appreciate the supermarket’s employees. They will vie w them as qualified individuals who have their interests at heart. The policy plays important roles in ensuring steady growth and advancement of ASDA supermarket. Employing of qualified individuals after a rigorous interview process makes the chain of supermarket to meet the demands of the public, customers and the society. The psychological tests conducted to employ the managerial staff also promote the company’

Pl see in details section Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pl see in details section - Essay Example Mental health is â€Å"a state of well being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community† (World Health Organization 2004, citing its earlier work in 2001). Despite the importance of mental health and a claim by Chantrill (2013) that the UK health budget has increased, Healthcare Today (2012) reported that UK government spending for mental health dropped by 1% in 2011-2012. According to Healthcare Today (2012, 2nd paragraph), â€Å"expenditure on mental health for the elderly was particularly affected, decreasing by 3.1% to ?2.83 billion.† II. External Policy Environment and Mental Health in the UK Given an external policy environment of austerity and yet providing the mental health services at high quality, several policy thrusts have been articulated. One of the policy thrust is indicated in the document, Working ou r way to better mental health: A framework for action, produced in 2007. The document recognizes that â€Å"poor mental health is very common† in the United Kingdom (Burnham & Cooper 2007, p. 7). In the estimate of the Secretaries of the Department for Work Pensions and the Department of Health, â€Å"at any one time, one in three of our working-age population may be experiencing some kind of distress or mental health condition such as depression† (Burnham & Cooper 2007, p. 8). This is significantly large and is basically saying that mental health problems are highly prevalent in the working age population. Worst, the document pointed out that â€Å"mental ill-health is now the most common reason for claiming health-related benefits and 86 percent remain on the benefits for more than three months† (Burnham & Cooper 2007, p. 8). Burnham & Cooper (2007) that evidence show that the longer people are out of work because of mental ill-health, the less likely they hav e a chance of returning back to work. This indicates that policy must be designed to allow people with ill mental health to return to work as soon as possible, provided that support mechanisms are in created such that therapy continues while a person is at work. Related to this, the National Mental Health Development Unit (2009a) emphasized that work is good for people with mental problems. It also pointed out that â€Å"people with mental health conditions can and do work, with many thousands of people with mental health conditions working in a broad range of roles† (National Mental Health Development Unit 2009a, p. 4). Thus, the key message of the National Mental Health Development Unit (2009a) material is that â€Å"work is good for mental health and is central to recovery for people with mental health conditions† (p. 4). Meanwhile, McDaid (2008) pointed out that although death rate from suicide in the United Kingdom went down by at least 20% in 2010, the problem is still bad because â€Å"1 in 10 children and young people aged 5-16 had a clinically recognizable mental disorder† (p. 1). Further, 14% of the population of the United Kingdom â€Å"have or had chronic anxiety or depression, and 12% say that they are undergoing medical treatment for this reason.†

What Are the Purposes of Prisons Essay Example for Free

What Are the Purposes of Prisons Essay

The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The American Dream Essay â€Å"The American Dream† has a few interpretations, but one of the most popular is â€Å"Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† which is the dream that most Americans strive for. In simpler terms, The American Dream is the opportunity of the pursuit of freedom, opportunity, and satisfaction of needs and wants. As Thomas Wolfe said, â€Å" to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him† (Wolfe2). This quote explains how everyone in the United States gets the right to fulfill this American Dream: to function as a member of modern day society and to pursue his or her hopes and dreams. If you come to America underprivileged or destitute, then you have the chance to turn that around through hard work and determination. As the explanation of the term states, everyone has the opportunity to achieve the American Dream, depending on how much effort they put in or how fortunate they are. In other words, some people will be able to work hard, achieve their dreams, while others will work hard, and not end up being fortunate enough to complete their goals. In most case, everyone’s American dream is not the same some people have different careers in which they would want to follow. Over time, the American Dream has changed more it is not any more talk about freedom it is more about their personal belonging and etc†¦ stuff that people would need to make their American dream come true. Four years have passed during this shot and the Depression has taken its toll. Braddock has lost his savings, can scarcely get $30 a bout and then has his license taken away after fighting with a broken hand. Work is short on the New Jersey docks and arbitrarily assigned and Jim is threatened with his starving children being handed over by their devoted mother to relatives that are more prosperous. The ultimate humiliation comes when he goes cap in hand to the gathering place of fight promoters, begging for the money to pay his utility bills. Then, in 1934, his old manager, Joe Gould, also facing penury but desperately keeping up middle-class appearances, gets him a one-off fight at the Garden, filling in after a last-minute cancellation. He is expected to lose to a promising newcomer, but he scores a surprise knockout. Because the fight is on the lower half of a card the night Max Baer humiliated world champion Primo Carnera, his performance attracts attention. Gould persuades a cynical promoter to exploit the publicity generated by this underdog and two fights later Braddock is an unlikely contender for the world title now held by Baer, the strongest puncher of his generation, a man who had killed two opponents. As we know, Braddock won. The long-standing appeal of A Raisin in the Sun lies in the fact that the familys dreams and aspirations for a better life are not confined to their race, but can be identified with by people of all backgrounds. Even though what that better life may look like is different for each character, the underlying motivation is universal. The central conflict of the play lies in Walters notion of this American dream. Walter buys into the middle-class ideology of materialism. The notion of the self-made man who starts with nothing and achieves great wealth through hard work seems innocuous enough, but the idea can become pernicious if it evolves into an idolization of wealth and power. In the beginning, Hansberry shows how Walter envies Charlie Atkins dry-cleaning business because it grosses $100,000 a year. He ignores Ruths objection to his potential business partners questionable character and dismisses his mothers moral objection to achieving his goals by running a liquor store. The liquor store is a means to an end, and Walter is desperate for his dreams to come to fruition. That same Machiavellian ethic is demonstrated when Walter plans to accept Mr. Lindners offer. Walter is not concerned with the degrading implications of the business deal. It is simply a way to recover some of the lost money. However, Hansberry challenges Walters crude interpretation of the American dream by forcing him to actually carry out the transaction in front of his son. Walters inability to deal with Mr. Lindner marks a significant revision of his interpretation of the American dream, a dream that inherently prioritizes justice and equality over money.

Courtly Love in The Canterbury Tales

Courtly Love in The Canterbury Tales In all periods, in all forms of literature, love has always found its place within the words of its authors. The ideas and meanings readers create about love can change drastically from one reading of a text to another. However, it is safe to say that when reading a tale of courtly love, the type of love is immediately recognizable thanks to the peculiar behaviour, desires, and extreme heartache of the characters. The experience of love the characters feel is put to an extreme that is unrecognizable to what we know as modern day love. Almost all of the Canterbury Tales contain love and lovers who act upon the conventions and standards of courtly love. Chaucer was greatly influenced by the courtly romance of his predecessors. In this paper I intend to give a brief history of courtly love and explore the influences of courtly love on Chaucer and how it is echoed within his Canterbury Tales. It is difficult to define courtly love when scholars such as C.S Lewis, D.W Robertson, E.Talbot Donaldson and Gaston Paris disagree with both the nature and origin of it. Alexander J. Denomy puts it nicely as he defines courtly love as a type of sensual love and what distinguishes it from other forms of sexual love, from mere passion, from so-called platonic love, from married love, is its purpose or motive, its formal object, namely, the lovers progress and growth in natural goodness, merit, and worth. Courtly love contains an important social component. In the poetry of the troubadours, social promotion is an important theme, particularly when it comes to love. William of Poitriers is the highest of nobility as he is the first troubadour. He proclaimed that love can transform a courtly man into a churl, and a churl into a courtly man. The troubadours find it very important that the woman whose love they seek must be of some nobility, at the same time, they claim that love, though u nrequited, makes them better, inspiring in them an emulation of the beloved through which they hope to become worthy of the elevated love for which they long (Manson 239-240). Courtly love is a highly ritualized practice. Generally, courtly love is practiced only between a woman and a man of noble status who are not married. Usually the characters would be a squire, or a knight and a woman with an aristocratic background. Courtly love is seen as ideal and above intercourse. True love was seen to only exist outside of marriages. Marriages had nothing to do with love as they were arranged more often than not. Having a wife was looked at the same way as owning another piece of property to a husband. The medieval teaching of marriage focused on Pagan and Christian views. The first purpose of marriage is to multiply the human race; the second purpose of marriage is to avoid fornication. Kelly states that other motives were admissible, too, especially the nobler ones of peace-making or the encouragement of love between in-laws, but also less noble ones of desire for the intendeds beauty or wealthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦mutual love between the spouses is notably absent fr om their lists (Kelly pg 247). In the common society of the medieval world there is ordinary love. Some of Chaucers tales are of ordinary love; these tales are called fabliaux. It is easy for one to spot fabliaux from a courtly love tale as the characters in fabliauxs react to lust; they react to love in its most non complex state, its natural state. All forms of love begin with lust, but to be able to master the art of courtly love, one must take themselves out of the simple state of lust and take it to a superior extremely sensual state of love; its power is elevated to a point of worship. In order to achieve this sense of love the man has to endure suffering for the love he seeks. After he goes through the suffering he is able to rise above the lust and begin to serve the women with courageous deeds and beautiful language. An example of one of Chaucers fabliauxs is The Millers Tale. This tale is lusty and vulgar yet the characters, although somewhat immoral, have more depth and personality than the characters in The Knights Tale. Above I have noted that marriage is not typically placed in with courtly love tradition, although in his book The Allegory of Love, C.S. Lewis states that adultery does have its place in courtly love. He suggests that a wife is no superior. As the wife of another, above all as the wife of a great lord, she may be queen of beauty and loveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but as your own wife, for whom you have bargained with her father, she sinks at once from a lady to a mere woman (36-27). Chaucer plays upon this idea in The Millers Tale. It is a criticism of courtly tradition, it is similar to The Franklins Tale and The Merchants Tale in that it is about a young squire who cuckolds another mans wife and enters into an affair. Even though it is not traditional for courtly love to be associated w ith a married woman both The Franklins Tale and The Merchants tale use this idea of stealing a mans wife. Both of the young squires, Damian and Aurelius covet another mans wife, but of course only one commits adultery. On the other hand, The Knights Tale is not at all fabliaux and represents much of the courtly love tradition. Arcite and Palamon are both characters of noble status, and they are the best and ideal of their type. Chaucer does a wonderful job glorifying his characters to perfection, he makes certain that the reader knows how noble, courageous, and beautiful his characters are, that gretter was ther noon under the sonne (863). These characters embody the standards of courtly love; Arcite suffers extreme love pains for Emelye as he has his freedom but does not have access to her. Arcites anguish is so great because he cannot see Emelye that it physically changes him. Palamon can not even recognize him. It is made quiet clear that there has never been anyone to feel the pains of love as bad as what Arcite felt. Theseus even acknowledges the extremes of love-sickness when he asks who may been a fool but if he love? (1799). Palamon also suffers love pains for Emelye as although he can see her through bars, he will never be able to be with her, he will never be able to touch her. Both men suffer for her, and later in the tale both men perform courageous deeds when they decide to fight each other for the chance of being with Emelye. The language in The Knights Tale is quiet extreme and takes every event to a heightened level. Theseus builds a battlefield for the two knights to battle on and he refers to it as a noble theatre as it was / I dar wel seyen in this world ther nas (1885-1886). Thus further embodying the greatness of courtly love. Andreas Capellanus was surely an influence for Chaucer when it comes to courtly love. De Arte Honeste Amandi is essentially a hand book on how to love like a courtier written by Capellanus. Love is a certain inborn suffering derived from the sight of an excessive meditation upon the beauty of the opposite sex, which causes each one to wish above all things the embraces of the otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Capellanus 40). First is the sexual desire, and then is the excessive meditation on the womens beauty which makes the lover rise above his lust to a realm of innocent passion that makes only the embrace of the love he seeks meaningful. Throughout Capellanuss hand book on how to love like a courtier are examples of problems in which lovers know no answers. One example of a situation is, if a lover dies, how long one must wait until she may seek a new love (Capellanus 49). The answer is two years. Chaucer uses this span of two years in The Franklins Tale, and it strikingly resembles that of wh ich is read in Capellanuss De Arte Honeste Amandi. In The Franklins Tale Arvergus is sent away for two years on duty. The squire Aurelius has loved Dorigen for two years, and he prays to the gods that the waters stay higher than the rocks for two years, and suffers love sickness for two years. As well, after two years of Dorigens husband beings away she considers having an affair. Another influence on Chaucers writing was Guillaume de Lorris Le Roman de la Rose. In this love affair the protagonist greatly suffers for his love. He shows all of the symptoms of love-sickness, as well he listens to the commands given to him by the god of Love. The commands become expected for the young knights in following works of courtly love. Many of Chaucers concepts in The Canterbury Tales derived from the courtly ideas in the Rose. An example of how the rose is interrelated with Chaucers work is how The Franklins Tale and The Knights Tale resemble it. In the poem a young man is wandering in a garden. He leans over and looks into a well of narcissus; this glance into the well causes him to fall in love with the first thing he sets his eyes upon. When they young lover sees a rose bud, cupid shoots an arrow at him; it enters though his eye and penetrates his heart. The young man removes the shaft from his eye but he will forever have the arrow head lodged into his heart. This i dea of love at first sight has held its own place in literature throughout centuries. Chaucer mirrors this representation of an arrow in the heart in The Franklins Tale and The Knights Tale. Aurelius suffers from love, although he appears fine on the outside a keen arrow stuck within his soul / A wound thats only surface-healed can be / A perilous thing, you know in surgery / unless the arrowhead be taken out (435-438). In The Knights Tale Palamon is struck by love through the eye, I have been hurt this moment through they eye, / Into my heart (42-43). In both cases the wounded lovers are inflicted of the gods love, and both will suffer for the one they love. The medieval period in English Literature spends a lot of time being concerned with love and lovers, surely more than any other period. Almost every one of The Canterbury Tales discusses love is some manifestation or another and almost all encounter lovers. Chaucer was neither an enemy nor a companion of courtly love. With him the concept remained unchallenged, serviceable for dealing with love elegantly and useless for dealing with it seriously (Eliason 15). He takes inspiration from authors before him and adds an element of courtly love into his own work that develops the idea with a new sense of creativity and intelligence.

Viruses :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of us swap disks with friends and browse the Net looking for downloads. Rarely do we ever consider that we are also exchanging files with anyone and everyone who has ever handled them in the past. If that sounds like a warning about social diseases, its right along the same lines. Computer viruses are every bit as harmful and destructive, and come in a vast variety of types and strains. Computer viruses, can tear up your hard drive and bring down your system. However, unlike social diseases, computer viruses are almost always curable, and the cures for new strains are usually a matter of days away, rather than months or years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A computer virus is a program designed to replicate and spread, generally with the victim being oblivious to its existence. Computer viruses spread by attaching themselves to other programs such as word processors or spreadsheets, or to the boot sector of the disk. When an infected file is activated, or when the computer is started from an infected disk, the virus itself is also activated. Many times a virus will lurk in a computers memory, waiting to infect the next program or disk that is activated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What makes viruses so dangerous is their ability to perform an event. While some events are harmless like displaying a message on a certain date, and others annoying, like slowing performance or altering the screen display, some viruses can be disastrous by damaging files, and destroying data.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most viruses are created out of curiosity. There are those out there who create them out of malice, but far more of the creators are just meeting a challenge, to see if they can do it or not. A common type of virus would be a Trojan Horse, a destructive program disguised as a game, a utility, or an application. When run a Trojan Horse does something harmful to the computer system, while appearing to do something useful. A worm is also a popular type of virus. A worm is a program that spreads itself across computers, usually by spawning copies of itself in each computer’s memory. A worm might duplicate itself in one computers memory so often that it causes the computer to crash. A worm is introduced secretly into a host system either for fun, or with the intent to damage or destroy information. Now I will explain some of the more major viruses, and how they function.

The Paris Peace Treaties Essay -- History

The Paris Peace Treaties The Paris Peace Treaties (1919-1920) IB History To the subject and passive onlooker, those meticulous organizers of the Paris Peace Treaties allowed for an unfortunate amount of flaws to enter their task of creating a treaty that could satisfy all of the nations of not only Europe but of the world as well equally. Yet one must attempt to put that passiveness behind and admit that those of the time of post World War I had truly no idea what was to come of their decisions. Thus, the decisions of these toilers of the Paris Peace Treaties undoubtedly made a medley of wrong judgments that were virtually unforeseen at the time. The first of these mistakes was that they looked over the problems that the innumerable ethnic groups of Europe would cause. Second to be overlooked was France, still highly intimidated and insecure of a Germany that it wanted to see completely annihilated and rendered powerless. Lastly, was the Central powers, angry and cheated over their extremely harsh punishments. Thus the founders of the Paris Peace Treaties, despite doing their best to form a way to peace and betterment for Europe, managed to make a great deal of unanticipated oversights in their quest for harmony. The continent of Europe was composed of legions of different ethnic groups that at the end of World War I caused many problems for the treaty drawers of Paris. Even Wilson himself confessed that there were far many more ethnic groups in Europe than he at first realized- most of them seeking their own personal independence. Eastern Europe and the Balkans because many historical occurrences (such as invasions and migrations) were made up of â€Å"a bewildering kaleidoscope of races and religions.† There were still hordes of nationalistic minorities in countries with a majorities of ethnic groups not of their own. To make things even more difficult for the writers of the Paris Peace Treaties was that these races did not live in their own separate areas of the countries of Europe. They lived mixed among themselves, dispersed throughout the regions with the race of the majority. In addition to the problems left to those who drew up the peace treaties (in accordance to the â€Å"ethnic problems†) were that there were still populations of a race of people within various nations that belonged ethnically to another nation. For example, within Hungary ... ...ed to create an agreement for the best of the world. Conclusively, the writers and founders of the Paris Peace Treaties, despite their efforts to bring a lasting peace to the world, made a variance of unforeseen mistakes in their toil. For the uncountable amounts of varying ethnic groups could not be easily separated without annoying at least someone- and since the Central powers were the losers, logic suggested that it would be them. Secondly, France’s increasing insecurity towards Germany that dated back decades caused for it to demand Germany to be paralyzed forever. This as well as other forms of Allied punishments caused for increased Central power animosity towards the Allied powers. Therefore, the intent of peace treaties was well intentioned initially, and the criticism of them was undeserved in that there was nothing that anyone could do else without the impossible of power seeing into the future Bibliography 1. (Handout) Lentin, Antony. â€Å"The Consequences of the Versailles Settlement.† 2. (Handout) Sharpe, Alan. â€Å"Part I: The Post War Settlement. 3. Wolfson, Robert. Years of Change: European History 1890-1945. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1978, pp.183-192.

Historical Perspective of Alcoholism

Introduction Alcohol is the oldest and still probably the most widely used drug today. Some consider alcohol as an opponent but many consider it as an ally. Moderate amounts stimulate the mind and relax the muscles, but larger amounts impair coordination and judgment, finally producing coma and death. It is an addictive drug leading to alcoholism. Alcohol is known since antiquity to have some therapeutic value. Opium and alcohol had long been used as analgesics. Greek medicine had employed wine and vinegar in wound care. Now we know that alcohol is a good antiseptic. Alcohol has other values in modern medicine such as pain relief, delay labor, raising HDL level, etc. Pure ethanol is a colorless, flammable liquid (boiling point 78. 5? C). Ethanol, produced by fermentation as in wine or beer or by synthesis, is a dilute solution and must be concentrated by distillation for making other alcoholic beverages or pure ethanol for injections. This article will review the origins of alcohol and its many uses throughout history. Early Alcoholism Since antiquity, alcohol-containing beverages played a vital part in the daily lives of ancient people. Beer, from fermented barley, is the earliest known alcoholic drink to man. Beer was an integral part of their religious ceremonies and mythology. Early civilizations found the mood-altering properties of beer supernatural, and the newfound state of intoxication was considered divine. Beer, it was thought, must contain a spirit or god, since drinking the liquid so possessed the spirit of the drinker. Remnants of this belief persist to modern times. We still refer to alcohol and alcoholic beverages as â€Å"spirits†. The mouth of a perfectly happy man is filled with beer†, is an ancient Egyptian proverb. Indeed, numerous ancient Egyptian inscriptions and documents show that beer, together with bread, was a daily food. Beer was an important offering to the gods, and was placed in tombs for the afterlife. An inscription in the tomb of Ramses II (c. 1200 B. C. ) reads: â€Å"And thou shall give me to eat until I am satisfied, and thou shalt give to me beer until I am drunk. † The ancient Greeks called beer â€Å"zythos†, which was derived from the Egyptian word â€Å"zythum†. The Romans brewed and drank â€Å"cerevisia†, named after Ceres, the goddess of agriculture. The Romans had a god Dionysus, or Bacchus, the god of wine, who they worshipped in bouts of alcoholic frenzy. The hangover plagued mankind. It was a top medical priority in the days of ancient Egypt. Cabbage juice was the Pharaoh’s remedy. For many hundreds of years we have looked upon this â€Å"old wives† tale with amusement. However, recent scientific studies have shown that cabbage juice can chelate some of alcohol’s byproducts after the liver has detoxified it. Ancient cultures brewed beer for religious ceremonies as well as for their own enjoyment. Drinking beer was the principal means by which worshippers achieved religious ecstasy. Beer occupied a major role in ancient literary repertoire. For example, the Finnish poetic saga, Kalewala, has 400 verses devoted to beer but only 200 were needed for the creation of the earth. According to the Edda, the great Nordic epic, wine was reserved for the gods, beer belonged to mortals, and mead [an alcoholic drink of fermented honey and water] to inhabitants of the realm of the dead. Although beer and brewing was known in many ancient cultures, the oldest proven records of brewing are about 5,500 years old and can be traced to Mesopotamia [ancient Iraq]. A vast repository of cuneiform writings from the area depicts beer and brewing, hence the Mesopotamians are credited with the first beer. The earliest account of barley is found on an ancient Sumerian engraving describing beer making. Beer made people feel â€Å"exhilarated, wonderful and blissful. † The Royal Cemetery of Ur, one of the most spectacular discoveries in ancient Mesopotamia, contains mid-3rd millennium BC tombs of kings and queens of the city of Ur. One of the tombs belonged to Queen Pu-abi who was buried with her servants. Among the hundreds of gold and silver items found to accompany her to the afterlife was a five-liter silver jar, her daily allotment of barley beer. Hammurabi, who decreed the oldest known collection of laws, established a daily beer ration. This ration was dependent on the social standing of the individual. For example, a normal worker received 2 liters, civil servants 3 liters, and administrators and high priests 5 liters per day. In those ancient times beer was not sold, but exchanged for barley. As beer brewing was a household art, it was also women’s work. Hammurabi once ordered a female saloon-keeper drowned for serving low quality beer. The importance of beer to early man is highlighted in Gilgamesh, the great Mesopotamian Epic and written in the 3rd millenium B. C. It is the oldest literary epic in the world. Enkidu, the bestial primitive man, â€Å"drank seven cups of beer and his spirit loosened and his heart soared. In this condition he washed himself and became a human being. Thus, Enkidu, the wild-man, evolved from primitive man to â€Å"cultured man† after tasting beer. History of Alcoholism in Arab â€Å"The oldest alcoholic drinks were fermented beverages of relatively low alcohol content, that is, the beers and wines. When the Arabs introduced the then recent science of distilling into Europe in the Middle Ages, the alchemists believed that alcohol was the long-sought elixir of l ife. Alcohol was therefore held to be a remedy for practically all diseases, as indicated by the term whisky (Gaelic: ‘water of life’)†. The concept of an elixir or life-giving potion originated from the writings of Jabir ibn Hayyan (8th century AD) and al-Rahzi (9th century AD) and known to the West as Geber and Rhazes respectively. They were the most important scientists in the history of chemistry and chemical technology in Islam. Their works exerted a dominating influence on later generations of Muslims and Europeans. The most important of the great chemical discoveries in the Middle Ages were alcohol and mineral acids, and the key to finding them was through the process of distillation, which the Arabs developed and mastered. Distillation was one of the most important processes in Islamic chemical technology and was employed for both medicinal preparations and a variety of other technological and industrial uses, including the preparation of acids and the distillation of perfumes, rosewater and essential oils. Several great Muslim chemists clearly described the distillation of wine using specialized distillation equipment. Al-Rahzi, in his book Kitab al-Asrar (The Book of Secrets) described the process of distillation and the apparatus used. He used distillation to concentrate alcohol, which was then taken as an anesthetic. Al-Kindi (9th century AD), describes distillation and the apparatus in his book, Kitab Kimya’ al-‘itr wa al-Tas-idat (Book of Perfume Chemistry and Distillation). Al-Kindi says: â€Å"In the same way, one can distill wine using a water-bath, and it comes out the same color as rosewater. † In Spain, the Arab surgeon Aub al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, (d. 1013 AD), known to the West as Albucasis, described the distillation of vinegar in an apparatus similar to that used for rosewater, adding that wine could be distilled in the same way. He described using alcohol as a solvent for drugs. The flammable property of alcohol was noted by Jabir (Geber): â€Å"And fire which burns on the mouths of bottles [due to] . . . boiled wine and salt, and similar things with nice characteristics which are thought to be of little use, these are of great significance in these sciences. † The flammable property of alcohol was utilized for various applications in Arabic military and chemical treatises of the 12th and 13th centuries. Many Arabic manuscripts describing the chemical recipe for alcohol eventually found their way into 12th and 13th century European works and attributed to various European authors. Clearly, the Arabs were the first to distill alcohol and used it for medicinal purposes. From the Arab world, knowledge of distillation spread to Europe and European alchemists began experimenting with the distillation of many items, but medicines were still mostly given as infusions or decoctions of single herbs. Arabic writings in Spain began to influence Christian schools of medicine in Italy and France. The 13th century Spanish alchemists, Arnold Villanueva and Raymond Lully, introduced wine spirits, which they called aqua vitae (water of life) as a solvent into European medicine. This later became known as brandy, shortened from the German term for â€Å"burnt wine. † Brandy was used as medicine by itself for various diseases and later became popular as a recreational drink as well. In the 16th century, the Swiss physician Paracelsus popularized the use of distilled alcohol as a solvent to prepare tinctures from herbs and chemicals. History of Alcoholism in USA During the early 1970s, partly in response to student movements of the period — many states lowered the drinking age to 18 — the thought being that if a young man could be sent to war, he should be able to legally purchase and consume alcohol. It was also at this time that the voting age was lowered to 18. In short, what happened at this time is that college students demanded, and received, the same constitutional rights as adults — e. g. to vote, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, rights to privacy (including access to contraception, and abortion), etc. This consensus was challenged by the College Alcohol Study started by a group of researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health, led by social psychologist Henry Wechsler, who began exploring the problem of college drinking in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Their work in part led to the passage of the National Minimum Drinking Age act of 1984. It also led to the construction of â€Å"binge drinking† as a disease and social problem particular to young adults in higher education settings. I was an undergraduate at the University of Vermont while all this was going on — the state was a holdout on keeping the drinking age at 18 but was eventually forced to raise the drinking age to get those federal highway funds. More recently still, the abstinence approach bolstered by the College Alcohol Study has been challenged by research conducted by the Social Norms Institute, who argue that the â€Å"health terrorism† perpetuated by the â€Å"binge drinking† model has not solved the problem of campus drinking, it simply has created an underground culture of drinking. They argue that by focusing on the most egregious cases, prevention efforts have exaggerated the extent to which most college students drink. Their approach is remarkably similar to that proposed by the Yale Center in the 1940s — i. . emphasize wellness, resilience, and informed decision making. Harmful effects of alcohol The long-term harmful effects of alcohol abuse on the body are also great. Fifty percent of chronic liver disease is caused by alcohol abuse. Alcohol is also associated with many other diseases, including pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, dementia and other central nervous system d isorders, and the fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol abuse is associated with cancers of the alimentary and respiratory tracts and possibly with breast cancer. High amounts of alcohol or longterm ingestion increase insulin resistance, triglyceride levels, blood pressure and all-cause mortality. Binges may result in arrhythmias. Alcoholics have elevated levels of plasma homocysteine, which has been linked to premature vascular disease. Beneficial effects of alcohol There is no doubt that when used appropriately, alcohol has many medicinal uses, as mentioned earlier. Beer was used as anesthetic since ancient times and was a common component in ancient prescriptions in Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek medicine. Since many recorded ancient prescriptions contain many ingredients, it is often difficult to determine which is the active component. Many powerful drugs must have been administered unintentionally, for the wisdom behind many folk remedies rests on the accumulated weight of empiric experience through the millennia. One of the fascinating finds of medical archaeology is the detection of the antibiotic tetracycline on a thin section of bone from Roman Egypt. It is thought that tetracycline was formed in the brewing process as a result of contamination with an airborne streptomycete, and then ingested with the beer. Beer, therefore, might have been an unintentional vehicle for the delivery of powerful antibiotics in those early times. Since beer was a fundamental food staple, a constant intake of this antibiotic might have influenced the pattern of bacterial infection. It is possible that the well-known great bacterial resistance to tetracycline today maybe due to bacterial exposure to it since antiquity.

Analysis on my Favorite Poems Essay

Dorothy Parker’s poem entitled â€Å"One Perfect Rose† is a simple verse that talks about the joy of the narrator. Despite of all the odds and confusion, she remained happy with the rose that she received. The narrator is not actually contented with what she has because she wants more than what she already received despite of its â€Å"perfection,† but she tried to be satisfied with it. The main theme of the poem is joy or happiness. Like many other woman, the narrator was very happy after receiving a very special and perfect flower just for her from the one she loved. The phrase â€Å"One perfect rose† was scattered all over the poem to justify the happiness of the narrator that happens in reality because we used to express our happiness by saying a certain thing often that delighted us. The author used irony or comparing two things with different identity or individuality such as rose and limousine also leaves and heart. Based on my interpretations, I have seen that the author wanted to show the distinction of the two terms as well as its similarity. In realism, a woman wants to enjoy herself riding a limousine after receiving a flower. From this, she feels that she is the most beautiful woman ever. On the other hand, the existence of metaphorical heart of the narrator’s man as it refers to the leaves shows irony because a leaf drops once it began to pale, which is different from a loving heart that became stronger and dignified even if it is the only one who loves. Those literary terms in the poem made me think of its sense in a deeper manner. Even if the author already gave all the details without making her readers think or imagine the emotion of the narrator, she used literary terms to make each stanza complex by showing ironies, metaphors, simile, and images or symbolisms that hides the true meaning of the poem. From here, I can say that the poem is nice and understandable that made its readers capable of reading the poem without any boundaries of uncertainties. My Papa’s Waltz by Theodore Roethke Theodore Roethke’s poem, entitled â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† shows the life of a boy within the hands of his father. The author wanted to convey a deeper meaning in his poem. By way of reading it, I can see that it was not just a simple learning of dancing that made the narrator struggled into his father’s authority. From learning how to follow his father’s dance step signifies his pursuance of obeying his father as well as making his life the same his father’s life. The main theme of the poem is fear. The narrator was afraid to counter-attack his father from all its way of educating him but he could not do anything because even his mother could not talk or act against his father. Based on my interpretation, the author wrote this poem because he experienced the same pain and struggle of his narrator. Readers could feel each situation and waiting for the next occurrence that can happen. The poem has no resolution at all. This verse illustrates the entire situation without any act of resolving the conflict. The father is the only authority because both the child and the mother could not speak for their rights. From this, I can also say that the author justified a simple way of describing a woman and child abuse that happened within a family that many could not able to perceive. The author selected literary themes to show the emotion of the narrator as he described his experience while â€Å"dancing. † Within those literary themes is the resemblance of fear and unknown future that awaits the child. I have felt the senses and attempt of the narrator to escape but he could not because of his fear and inability to pursue his life alone. From this, I can say that I thoroughly understand each line and stanza that the author wanted to interpret that brought me a new light of this kind of situation that happened in the society that many of us could not understand. The Ruined Maid by Thomas Hardy The poem entitled â€Å"The Ruined Maid† by Thomas Hardy shows the struggle of a maid within her employers. The author showed and discussed the life of a maid without happiness but always failure. The author used two different characters in the story to show the emotions of a maid by using her friend. The author utilized jargons or terms that usually used in African-American community. Through this, even if the author did not state the physical characteristics of the maid, it shows that it refers to the Blacks by way f acknowledging the usage of words and terms in the whole poem. The author putted different literary terms or symbolisms to justify his claim about the ruined maid. Tired of digging potatoes, and spudding up docks; / And now you’ve gay bracelets and bright feathers three! (Hardy 6-7). These lines showed that work of the maid was not just to clean a house or to take care of the children, but becoming like a farmer. The metaphorical symbolisms of potatoes and bracelets also docks and feather shows the evolution of the maid’s life and â€Å"prosperity. † By comparing the bracelets and potatoes, the bracelets are light, beautiful and clean while the potatoes are full of dirt, hard, and dark. It shows that the life of the maid progresses from being a potato to become a bracelet. The maid also becomes a feather that was led by the wind even if she was already ruined. Despite of the uncertainties, the maid leaves her painful and sorrowful life in the hands of his master to find her self and new beginning alone. These literary terms made the poem more fun and entertaining. As I have read the poem, it gives me the right kind of laughter that I can feel while imagining the characteristic and lifestyle of the ruined maid. Because of this, I enjoyed every line and stanza of the poem because of the symbols, images, ironies, similes, and metaphors that exist all throughout the verse. From this, I can say that the author’s intended audiences in his poem are the middle-class people especially the Blacks because despite of all the struggles and pains that they went through, they still have the capability to laugh and entertain their selves. Conclusion As a whole, these poems are not just simple verses. They are social constructs that we usually take for granted. They are also part of realism that we tend to ignore because these occurrences exist commonly. However, if we look at the content and its context in human society, we can perceive each scenario as a sensitive issue that we need to understand and tackle. Through this, we can demonstrate some solutions to these complex problems to avoid or at least lessen its existence within the society whether it came from the minority or majority communities that we lived in. The importance of these poems is not only to entertain us but to give as the right perspectives and justifications of the â€Å"simple† truth. References Hardy, T. (2005). The Ruined Maid. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://rpo. library. utoronto. ca/poem/926. html Parker, D. (n. d. ). One Perfect Rose. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://www. web-books. com/classics/Poetry/Anthology/Parker_D/One. htm Roethke, T. (n. d. ) My Papa’s Waltz. Retrieved 19 February 2008. http://gawow. com/roethke/poems/43. html

Ethical Decisions Scenario Analysis Essay

Reflection Question: Discuss whether you generally make ethical decisions using a traditional or a modern ethical model. Provide an example using an experience you have had in your daily life. I would have to say that what is right is right and what is wrong is wrong. Being true to oneself is ethically speaking. I used to get detention in HS and being an honor student really hurt me. Peer pressure was another feeling that couldn’t be surpassed. Stress and anxiety are add-ons to one’s life experience. I have both. Depression is yet another I have not really dealt with. These feelings are not mutual and do not come easily. Ethics are the study of moral standards and how they affect conduct, by definition. Traditional ethics are from the past and are from the way that people thought about morals and the way that life should be lived back then. Modern ethics came from traditional ethics, but were revised a bit to fit in with new times and with new ways of thinking. Ethics are a part of everyone ’s lives. Both are similar, but I believe that the development with the two came from within a person. Someone did not just make up how a person feels inside. A person knows right from wrong from being taught. With that  being said, a person would know that stealing is wrong and that there would be something inside of them saying something like if you take that money from that person that is wrong and you will feel bad if you have good morals. Both forms of ethics have changed through the years and are now at what is called the modern ethics that we have adjusted to fit into today’s society. I would think that the biggest connection between the two forms of ethics is that it is based on morals and how a person feels deep down inside. I feel that it is based on what your heart tells you.

Reforming Public Education Visual Outline

Reforming Public Education in America Visual Outline Corrie Broughton Western Governors University WGU Student ID # 000235996 Reforming Public Education in America 1. The world around American school children is changing, but the public school system is failing to keep up with all the changes. Many programs that are in place were great 50+ years ago but now true reform is needed. A. The United States used to have the highest standards in the world for education. B. With so many budget cuts, the education of American children is suffering. There is little money for updated textbooks, new technology, and even to updated buildings.Many teachers reach into their own pockets to supply their classrooms even with the basics of paper and pencils. C. Taxes should be paying for world-class education in America, but the government is not using those dollars wisely. School district boards are in complete charge of how the money is distributed to each school. Not all schools will receive the same amount, some will get more and some will get less. 2. The public education system needs change. Children are getting further and further behind in math and science when compared to other countries.The No Child Left Behind law has some good goals but those goals are hard to achieve because the standards are set too high. It’s hard to judge what the standards are because each state has their own test for student achievement. A. Very little money for schools means no new textbooks or technology available to students. Cut backs also mean no counselors or school nurses on campus. Additionally, school buildings do not get much-needed repairs. B. Student/teacher ratios are too high. Teachers cannot give individual attention to students, and students struggle with keeping up with the curriculum.Poor performing teachers make the same amount of money as a good teacher. Tenure and the teacher’s union protect all teachers from any form of discipline. C. U. S. schools have failed to keep up with other countries in education. The common factor with all of the countries that have students achieving their standards is all students use the same curriculum and there is not a No Child Left Behind Law. The United States has the shortest school year and fewest amount of hours children spend in the classroom. 3. Research suggests that the U. S. ducation system could benefit from reform because there is very little money for schools; there are over-crowded classrooms with tenured teachers who are protected by the unions and other countries are surpassing America’s once great education system by leaps and bounds. References Athavale, G. (2009, October 29). U. S. education falling behind those of other countries. Retrieved from http://www. saratogafalcon. org/content/us-education-falling-behind-those-other-countries Behrent, M. (2009, Summer). Reclaiming our freedom to teach: Education reform in the Obama era. [Part of the special issue, Education and the Obama p residency].Harvard Educational Review 79 (2), p. 240-6. Retrieved from http://wguproxy. egloballibrary. com/login? user=true&url=http://vnweb. hwwilsonweb. com/hww/jumpstart. jhtml? recid=0bc05f7a67b1790e84eb37b49561a968d1ff2c9fe8790d78c3c4d7ec0aaa2d1d11262f4eeb607acd&fmt=C Howell, W. ; West, M. ; Peterson, P. (2011 Fall). The public weighs in on school reform Retrieved from Education Next, 11(4), and 10-22 A Failing Grade For Public School Funding (2010, June 01). [Editorial] Los Angeles Times Retrieved from http://articles. latimes. com/2010/jun/01/opinion/la-ed-funding-20100601/2 Leana, C. 2011, Fall). The missing link in school reform p. 30-35 Retrieved from http://go. aft. org/socap National Commission on Excellence in Education (1903, April 26). A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. Retrieved from http://www2. ed. gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index. html Resnick, L. ; Nolan, K. (1995 March). Where in the world are world-class standards? Educational Leadership, Vol. 52 , p. 6-10, 5p Retrieved from http://www. ascd. org/publications/educational_leadership/mar95/vol52/num06/Where_in_the_World_Are_World-Class_Standards?. aspx Schools and Testing: Left

Autobiographical Sketch Layout

My name is Courtney Marie Bukovitz. I wasn’t named after anyone else as far as I know. I’m 15 years old and was born on July 23, 1996 in Akron, Ohio. I have a few times but never out of Ohio. I don’t have many aunts, uncles or cousins, but the ones I do have live in a different state. My mom has 4 siblings and my dad has 1. Me on the other hand, I have 3 half siblings and 3 step siblings, I’m the youngest child. I honestly despise watching sports but I love to play them. What I usually do is hang out with my friends and doodle random pictures. The last time I went on vacation was in November, 2012 to Florida to visit family. Anytime I’ve went on vacation I’ve always stayed at my aunt or grandma’s house, so I never really stayed in a Hotel. My favorite kind of music is mainly old rock like Nirvana or alternative such as A Day To Remember. Their music is about real life situations and ideas, rather than fake love stories, lust and drugs. If I could describe myself in 3 words it’d be creative, spontaneous and independent. The high school I have attended is North High School. I don’t really have a favorite subject, but my weakness class is Biology. My strength class is History and anything that has to do with the visual arts. The class I dislike the most would be study hall, I don’t like study hall just because I find it useless. It may provide a child with the time to study but to me it’s a waste of time. My plan is to graduate from North High School in 2014 and then go to college to study to be a private investigator. I’m into the discovery of truth and justice and I’m someone who won’t stop until I achieve the truth.

Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross Essay

Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army - Essay Example The recent decades have seen a variety of non-profit organizations arise to participate in the provision of charitable work to the general community. The same field has become an area of concern by researchers and academicians in search for how well these organizations can be productive to the world. The non-profit organizational operations are mostly based on voluntary and are therefore considered as relief provision organizations. Though their operational structures may be similar, major differences are often evident in terms of the organizational structures, leadership styles, and the extent of offering corporate social responsibility among others. The mode of raising funds for such organizations is also mainly done via reliance on external sources, for instance, donor funds, community contributions. The management of the non-profit organizations is also mostly in accordance to the institutional and management theories. The willingness of my company to give away the $200,000 to th e two organizations is dependent on the effectiveness of handling their social responsibility to the community. Thus, research will be useful in the making disbursement decisions. However, though many studies have been conducted in regards to the activities of non-profit organizations, no study has directly related a case study for the two organizations as well as a critical comparison between them. The discussion in this case study report aims at investigating the emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army. ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 2 1.0 Introduction 5 2.0 A concise and objective organizational overview 6 2.1 Australian Red Cross 6 2.2 The Australian Salvation Army 9 3.0 Comparative study of the organizations 11 3.1 Comparison 12 3.2 Contrast 13 4.0 Recommendations for distribution of $200,000 14 5.0 Conclusion 15 List of References 16 Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army 1.0 Introduction Emergency assistance and human help entails utilization of non-profit oriented organizations in the meeting of societal urgent needs. The Australian realms have been adequately dominated by a vast array of non-profit organizations, which are inclusive of Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army. The main purpose of the operation of these organizations includes the performance of charitable activities in the immediate community as a routine. The creation of a compassionate as well as a dignified society is also the divine role of thes e organizations, in a bid to act as complements to the exertion of the public sectors. The effectiveness of these human organizations is dependent upon the level of their corporate social responsibility, as well as their operational scope. The donor organizations that fund such voluntary organizations value corporate social responsibility, thus, my organization desires to disburse the available funds in relation to how each of the two companies handle the immediate society. The structure of an organization also determines the usefulness of efficiency and effectiveness measures in handling the required responsibilities. However, though both of the aforementioned organizations are

Motivating high performance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivating high performance - Research Paper Example In this session there are five basic steps that are going to be followed (Delbecq, VandeVen & Gustafson 7). They are broadly going to be used as a template to generating formidable themes aimed at improving the activities of the group. The first step will be to introduce the group members to the purpose and the procedures that will be followed in the realization of the goals set. This should not take more than 10 minutes as the members have a pre-generated agenda for the meeting in advance. In the second step, each member present will be provided with a sheet of paper where they will be required to silently detail their ideas without consultation with other members. Here, they are encouraged to jot down as many ideas as they can think of. This step will take approximately 15 minutes. The third step will involve the sharing of the ideas generated. At this stage, the ideas presented to the group by each member are jotted down on a chart using key words until all ideas from all members have been heard and recorded. Then, each member is given 20 minutes to write down any new ideas that they may have gotten from the discussion. This process is very important as it allows members to brainstorm and exhaustively generate any possible ideas on the issue being discussed. The fourth stage allows for members to seek clarifications on the ideas generated. Here, each member is given a small amount of time to elaborate on their ideas without taking too long. The facilitator ensures that the process is neutral and no criticism is leveled against any idea. There is no single idea that is eliminated at this stage. This may take up to 45 minutes. The last stage involves voting on the ideas with a view to ranking them in order of the most and least favored. Here, the scale method will be applied where numbers 1 up to 10 will be used with 10 signifying the most favored and 1 signifying the least favored. This ensures

Philosophy - Article oppression by Irish Young - response

Philosophy - oppression by Irish Young - response - Article Example Exploitation generally depicts the conflicts between and haves and have-nots. It is a major trade union issue of all times, as most of the workers’ unions think that the management is their permanent enemy and the workers need to be in war with it always. In the extreme form of unionism, productivity is lost sight of, resulting in grievous loss to the economy. The working class also suffers in the long run. Marginalization is about those sections that are unable to bear with the stiff competition in the labor market due to variety of factors like loss of employment due to recession, disabilities, racial discrimination, etc. Powerlessness is about the plight of the workers, especially those who are unskilled and are unable to tap the alternative sources of employment due to lack of educational qualifications. Such classes of workers have neither autonomy nor authority and have less chances of improving their job prospectus. They have to carry on with the available facilities. Cultural Dominance refers to the dominance of one group over the other that goes in tandem with cultural expressions and interpretations on the basis of history. Iris Marion Young argues about such attitudes in her book â€Å"Justice and the Politics of Difference, â€Å"The Hebrews are oppressed in Egypt, and many users of the term oppression in West invoke this paradigm.†(41) Violence dominates over a big canvas of societal life. State sanctioned violence, racial segregation, harassment to women in workplace, are some of the prominent examples of oppression in these areas. In this materialistic world impacted by industrial and internet revolutions, Iris Young has correctly assessed the aspects related to various types of oppressions and the anguish they cause in the day to day life of the people in the concerned segments as stated above. Attitudinal differentiation on the basis of sex is the hallmark of societal interactions. In

Operational Policies and Procedures for HIE Research Paper

Operational Policies and Procedures for HIE - Research Paper Example Conversely, the HIE possesses a structure as well as a syntax of electronic communications that provide standard ways of conveying and delivering information. Hence, the message-based where information is given as a message as well as document-based systems that involve sending information as a structured document/forms. To mention a few of the standards are the Accredited Standard Committee X12 (ASC X12) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (Public Health Data Standards Consortium, 2015). The Health Information Exchange policies involve the lines of arguments that tend to rationalize the courses  of  action towards the management of Health Institutes (AHIMA, 2011). Thus, various plans have been put up by the Medicare agencies and practitioners to oversee that patients’ information are safe and showing support through federal funding for the HIEs. Therefore, Medicare HIE policies can consider the access controls, accounting for disclosures, authorization procedures, as well as consumer education, data integrity and quality among other policies. Thus, under access controls, the Medicare institutions should determine those individuals that require access to the information that are shared within the HIEs as well as establishing the policies and procedures used for managing authentications and auditing. Subsequently, the HIEs should consider reviewing their business associate agreements, language and signatories in addition to their methods for managing sensitive records and patients. By doing so, they ensure access control, as well as functionality of the systems, are stable (AHIMA, 2011). Patient authorization, as well as consent, poses a challenge to most HIEs (Sewell & Thede, 2013). Therefore, it would be of significance for the HIEs to consider their accountability towards disclosures. Thus, this will tend to look into patient/customer requests pertaining their PHIs. Hence, this is achievable in

Week 3 Forum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 Forum - Assignment Example mericans in general did not see the need for the US to be involved in the war but were still enrolled because it was an opportunity to prove they were just as capable as their white counterparts. They opted to fight under their French allies because they supported racial equality and gave them the recognition that their own countrymen did not. At this time, the US government did not want African Americans to serve in the war because they believed they did not have the same capabilities as their white counterparts. Despite that, over 400,000 African Americans were in the army, hence, this prompted the white population to view this as a threat and not a contribution resulting in them to not be actively used when the war was over (Rucker and James 89). The early great migration of African Americans from the south was of great significance to date due to the broken promises of reconstruction and a corrupt criminal justice system from the US government. The African American community left their farms and sort greener pastures in northern states because they were more industrialized. They also experienced great loss of their crops due to a severe weevil outbreak. The peak of this movement was between 1915 to 1920 with New York, Chicago and Detroit being most noticeably awfully hit. The northern states were in great need of labor and so their wages were higher than those of the South. The ascent of the Ku Klux Clan likewise served as a real explanation behind the relocation in light of the fact that they were against African American rights and butchered numerous African

Frederick Jackson Turner writes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frederick Jackson Turner writes - Essay Example The immigration of people of various ethnic backgrounds mostly Europeans into the region led to their transformation. They cultivated adopted and spread their culture and notions in west America. Thus, through these processes, they become Americanized. According to Jackson Turner, the long established American character originated from the forests and gained momentum every time it reached a frontier thus the frontier thesis. The American character entails democracy, equality, optimism, individualism, violence, and self-reliance (Turner 1). I agree with Turner that America owes its identity from the west. First, the Middle States, as well as the South, possessed democratic ideas and this formed the center of Ohio politics in her early history. This is proved since most of its members elected in the Ohio legislature in 1820 comprised a large number of the natives. For example, New England contributed nine Senators as well as six Representatives who mainly came from Connecticut. Moreove r, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania elected seventeen Senators as well as twenty-one Representatives majority who came from Pennsylvania (Turner 1). Further, the South elected twenty-seven Representatives and nine Senators most of whom came from Virginia. Among the Representatives, five of them were natives of Ireland. In total, the emigrants from the Middle Region and the Democratic South outnumbered the Federalist who originated from New England. Since America is the heart of democracy and Ohio was the first state to elect emigrants as representatives, then it shows that the idea of democracy in America arose from Ohio, which is in the frontier. Secondly, once the immigrants settled in the West, they cooperated among themselves in clearing land, building houses and barns, and establishing communities (Froner 337). These ideals of individualism spread from the west into other areas in America. Thus, the communities promoted selflessness within their communities which later

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview - Assignment Example Latifah insisted that she is controlled and restricted by sharia since Quran does not allow her to dispute or do anything inconsistent with sharia. She said that every action that is not commendable or is not as per Allah’s commands and teachings may make subject a Muslim to trouble in the Day of Judgment. It is therefore required of her, as a Muslim to abstain from committing sin or getting involved in any form of undesirable act. As a Muslim, Latifah said that she is obliged to humble herself in prayer and show gentleness while debating with people. She also added that she is expected to shoo patience and perseverance while undergoing persecution or even oppression while facing the enemy as per Allah’s instructions and commands. Additionally, she confirmed to me that she is forced to adhere to the Islamic morals whether she benefits or not from them without caring what non-Muslims think about her. She said that everything she does ranging from her talks to her style o f clothing is purely based on morality and the general moral health of a society. Latifah said that the notion that a Muslim woman is uncontrollably oppressed by the culture, which is profoundly ingrained in the society, is very wrong and misleading. She said that Islamic culture and morals have to the highest degree contributed to the coercion of a Muslim woman as keenly explained in this piece of writing.The patriarchal domination has sharply developed the foundation in which a Muslim woman’s status is discriminated. The administrations, for instance, in Iran and Saudi Arabia have upheld their status quo regarding the women’s place in the society simply because the Quran requires them to. As a Muslim woman, Latifah said that sharia law requires her social status to remain low right from her residence, learning institutions and as a final point in matrimony. It all over again begins from marriage flipside to the social order. She said that what others call discriminat ion and male chauvinism in Islamic world has saved marriages and maintained a strong societal values. However, she asserts that her right as a Muslim woman has not been infringed in any way. According to the Islamic culture, men are reputed to be superior to their female matching part. However, Quran defines women as a mother whom her feet, paradise lies. A woman is also regarded as a daughter, sister of men and a wife who acts as a source of comfort for their husbands. There is therefore sense of gender equality as per Allah’s teachings that greatly differ from the popular assumption that a Muslim woman is oppressed. Women are considered important in the society because they are responsible for nurturing, reformation and infusion of principles and faith into the souls of both men and women. Nevertheless, she pointed out that there are some cultures and beliefs that are not Islamic that seem to oppress women in the society. Latifah gave an example of lack of proper education amongst women to be contributed by the society’s culture and traditions but not a Quran requirement. Muslim women are not stripped of their morality and chastity as women in other parts of the world who are depicted badly or rather immorally in the media and even in the society. Latifah said that their dressing style is very respectful and does not expose her body parts for the public to see. She said that contradicting the Sharia and its morals may land someone to immoral behaviors that some people call civilization. She believes that

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Essay Example for Free

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Essay If you are using the Blackboard Mobile Learn iOS App, please click View in Browser† Click the link above to submit your assignment. Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment in the Student Center. Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Assignment 1: Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Due Week 8 and worth 240 points Conduct research on a U.S. manufacturing company that produces two (2) or more products. Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you: 1. Describe the company researched, indicating the primary products manufactured. 2. Examine the effect of changes in the variable cost / fixed cost structure of the company on cost- volume analysis decisions by managers. 3. Analyze the current cost system used by the company to determine manufacturing costs and examine the benefits of using an activity-based cost system over the traditional system for management decisions. 4. Compare the company’s sales and cost of sales forecast to the actual sales and costs of sales in the current financial statement. Evaluate strategies management can implement in response to changing conditions affecting budgetary planning and forecasting. 5. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: 1. Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. 2. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the  required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: 3. Examine the assumptions of cost-volume-profit analysis. 4. Discuss the allocation of costs to divisions, plants, departments, contracts, and products. 5. Analyze activity-based costing and activity-based management. 6. Analyze the advantage of budgeting, the preparation of a master budget, and other forms of planning. 7. Use technology and information resources to research issues in cost accounting. 8. Write clearly and concisely about cost accounting using proper writing mechanics. Click here to view the grading rubric.

Funding For Space Exploration Philosophy Essay

Funding For Space Exploration Philosophy Essay July 20, 1969, Commander Neil Armstrong takes the first steps on the moon. All it took was 170 billion dollars in todays money to put a man on the moon. Mankind does not need to explore further than the moon. Neil Armstrong once said This is one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Forget giant leaps for mankind, NASA is a giant machine for spending money. This fact is backed up by the humiliating failure of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory, a $278 million package which blasted off from Vandenberg air force (DeGroot 2). Considering the debt that America struggles with in right now, NASA and space exploration is not the main priority. The United States government uses an excess of funds to explore outer space in an attempt to find other forms of intelligent life, they use too much tax money that can be put to better use, and many of the astronauts are at risk due to human spaceflight. A large portion of tax-payer money goes to NASA so that they can attempt to explore the unknown of space. Much of the money that NASA wastes on space exploration could be put to a much better and productive use. The United States government needs to focus on recovering their own planet before they discover others. Money that goes to NASA causes the national debt to increase. Instead, that money should go towards paying off the debt, or even fixing problems with unemployment. Back in the 1960s, when planning to put the first man on the moon, 58% of Americans opposed spending the estimated $40 billion or an average of about $225 per person required to send a person to the moon. Only a third supported the plan (Nasa Funding n.pag.). Many of the United States citizens opposed the plan because they knew that it should not be our main priority and it is a very large amount of money. The citizens were knowledgeable of how all of that money could benefit the country. In 2004, President Bus h presented Congress with a $2.4 trillion budget blueprint for the 2005 fiscal year (Nasa Funding n.pag.). The budget for the 2005 year is an extreme amount and there is to explore the depth of space when humans barely know their own planet. A vast amount of the Earth remains undiscovered which gives no reason to worry about space. Given the knowledge that humans have, there could exist absolutely nothing in space besides rocks and meteors. Earth is possible the only planet that sustains intelligent life. Scientists have searched the vast emptiness of space since the first moon landing in the 1960s. Although, in 40 years of searching, we have detected no such signal. In 1967, we thought we had one, but that turned out to be the entirely natural signal of a pulsar (Murray 2). Assume that NASAs scientists continue searching and finally reach their goal of discovering intelligent life 200 years into the future. More than $8 trillion will have gone toward that goal judging by the drasti c increases of NASAs annual budget from the years 2003 to 2009 (Returning to the moon n.pag.). However, intelligent life may not even exist on other planets, so all the hard work and money will go to waste if NASA does not find any aliens. In December of 1993, NASA embarrassingly sent astronauts into orbit to repair the Hubble, which cost taxpayers and extra $629 million. Due to this incident, NASA was put to blame for their incompetence and using billions in federal funds without accountability (Nasa Funding n.pag.). NASA has the ability to just soak up federal funds and tax money to fix their mindless mistakes. The plans of the space program to send men into space may endanger their well-being. Earth is a perfect habitat for mankind, which gives humans no reason to leave. Margaret Haerens writes, Animals never leave a comfortable habitat for a harsh one, unless they are forced to (Haerens 2). Haerens compares the astronauts to animals and how the astronauts should not leave Earth when they are perfectly find where they are. Space can kill humans very rapidly without a spacesuit. Astronauts willingly put themselves into space where they know if anything goes wrong they will die instantly. Haerens also writes that, Our vertebrate ancestors did not come ashore hundreds of millions of years ago because they decided to boldly go where no fish had gone before (Haerens 2). The author says that the race to the moon and outer space is foolish and just because an area has never been explored does not mean that someone should explore the area, which relates back to how in nature, animals never leave a favorable environment for a poor one. The fact that the presence in space negatively affects the human body reinforces why humans should not leave Earth. Scientists have discovered that prolonged weightlessness does terrible things to the bones and circulatory system. If God wanted us to live in outer space, we wouldnt have balancing systems in our inner ears (Haerens 2). Humans have evolved and adapted to live on Earth, if humans were meant to live in space, they would have adapted to suit the harsh conditions of space. Iain Murray writes that alien life is completely unknown to the human race and humans have no idea what aliens are capable of. Aliens could have the potential to completely wipe humans off the face of the earth (Murray 1). If aliens actually exist, no one knows what they have the ability to do. They could be very powerful and dominate humans and imperialize the planet, Earth. Although, aliens may be able to assist humans with space travel if we ever encounter them. However, there are many reasons that support space exploration, such as the risk of mass extinction that happens on Earth forcing humans to migrate to other planets. In the case of a mass extinction, humans must find a plan B in order to survive. Haerens talks about the possibility that the human race has to move from Earth to avoid a mass extinction. Possibly, in 500 million years, the sun may slowly boil the oceans and incinerate the Earth. Natural disasters are not the only possibility for a mass extinction, other epidemics such as climate change and overpopulation can also cause mass extinctions. Haerens also writes that the chances of an epidemic of such colossal size that it can cause a mass extinction are pretty low. However, an asteroid of sufficient size could cause the extinction of humans as it did the dinosaurs (Haerens 3). Earth may soon become over populated with humans; therefore, the human race must find other planets to make sure that mankind will live on. Jerry DeGr oot notes that Stephen Hawking has argued about how the human race must colonize other planets to ensure mankinds long-term survival. The Earth is indeed doomed, but where will all the civilians go? When comparing Mars to Antarctica, Antarctica seems like a paradise (DeGroot 2). It seems logical to desire to colonize other planets since if the human race becomes extinct, all of mans achievements and accomplishments over time would be gone. Space travel has a high chance of happening, humans will eventually learn to harness the energy of space as the cavemen learned how to harness the energy of fire. Enthusiastic supporters of the space exploration argue that exploring outer space is the next step in human evolution. Scientists believe that the colonization of other planets, beginning with the moon, should become a long-term human goal. Scientist also argue that colonizing the moon helps humans learn how to live on Mars by learning how to live with conditions of the moon first (Retur ning to the Moon n.pag.). One day a devastating event will happen to the Earth and change the course of life and only space colonization can save it. Although space exploration can greatly benefit the progression of mankind, it depletes a large part Americas resources and funds. Instead of humans trying to find intelligent life, they should leave them to find us. The billions of dollars that are used each year to fund space exploration could greatly improve everyday life on planet Earth. The American government funds NASA with a plethora of money in order for them to discover the unknown of the universe and much of the funds comes from tax-payers. Also, the astronauts are exposed to the outside threats of space which put them in dangerous situations. Perhaps, one day, once Earth has achieved a utopic state, humans can fund a space program that will discover extraterrestrial beings.