NMS105 Coursework 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NMS105 1 - Coursework Example The paper concludes by looking into the Regulatory requirements and guidance such as ship registration. It specifically focuses on United Kingdom Ship registration and Small ship register, and Marine Notices. This is a United Nations’ specialized agency that is accountable for measures for improving the security and safety of global shipping and to thwart marine pollution by ships (Balkin, 2006). This agency serves several purposes while striving to safeguard marine shipping. First, it seeks to ensure cooperation among governments regarding all kinds of technical matters that affect shipping in global trade. The second function is it serves to encourage the overall adoption of the best practicable principles about navigation efficiency, maritime safety, and control and prevention of marine pollution. Thirdly, IMO serves to facilitate the removal of needless restrictions and discriminatory action by governments that take part in international trade, to uphold the accessibility of shipping services to international trade without discrimination (Oxman, 1995). Fourthly, this agency has a purpose to consider issues relating to unfair practices in shipping as well as any issues about sh ipping that may require the attention of the IMO by the UN organ. This is a United Kingdom agency that seeks to prevent loss of lives in marine transport at sea. It is responsible for the implementation of the international and the British maritime safety policy and law (Hetherington, Flin & Mearns, 2006). Its main roles are, to coordinate search and rescue in the sea with the help of her majesty’s coastguards, watching and preventing water pollution at the coastal sea. It also guarantees that ships meet the United Kingdom and the international safety standards, and issuing and testing merchant navy certificates of proficiency among the crew and ship’s officers. The

Social networking sites Essay Example for Free

Social networking sites Essay Nowadays, internet and social networking sites have become in useful tools that allow people around the world to communicate and to spread interesting information. They have been used to support politicians during presidential elections. For this reason I do agree with the fact of considering social networking sites as important tools to foster relationships. In the field of education, these sites are very useful, since students have the opportunity to interact with others by planning and working on school assignments. Teachers on their part also find internet as an interesting tool, using it in their Persuasive Essay There are countless social media that make it possible to form broad connections between people. Since the function that people can interact online through social media, chat or share information with each other and the service they can receive by using it are very impressive, most of people have their own account for participating. As users of social media increase, there is a debate whether social media gives good influences to people or not. Although social media leads people to have more interaction and promotes long-distance relationships, it has a lot of bad things that make us out of control. Many of social media users are addicted and they became more isolated by using social media. The most famous social networks, YouTube, Facebook and Skype are included. It is important to know why people have to use social media carefully and need some restrictions when using it. Many people love social media because of its wide connectivity and functions that people can receive it for free; it does not require money to make an account and use it. Facebook is the most visible among various social media. First thing that people get impressed is, Facebook makes possible to create a deep networking between users. Since each user has a right to accept or refuse the friend request, the interest by people is high enough. Moreover people tend to allow the other’s friend request who have same thoughts and characteristics, by this reason it is able to maintain an intimate relationship. Not only users can leave comment on others post and the other user reply to that comment, by doing this continuing communication can be accomplished. So, it is a same response of users that deep networking can be made naturally. The second benefit is, it is good in long distance relationship. The survey from the â€Å"Telegraph† which is a famous newspaper in United Kingdom, tells that Social networks such as Facebook are helping to inspire a boom in long distance relationships. The number of people who have a partner that lives more than two hours away increased about twice in the last 10years. Three quarters of them say that by using social network such as Facebook and MySpace where everything can be shared, they were able to maintain their long-distance relationship. In my case, I am not living with my family. I live in Utah and my family live in Korea. It is hard to contact each other and I cannot know what my family is doing their country and also they do not know what I am doing in this country. But after we started to use Skype, we can check each other what we daily do. If I want to see my family’s face, I can see by using videophone. Even though I and my family live far away about 5500miles, we can check each other’ status whenever we want because of development of social media. Even if Facebook and MySpace, those kinds of social media have various advantages, it receives less attention than the bad effects of social media. The most serious problem of social media is addiction. One reporter described that â€Å"Text messaging is no longer the biggest teenage obsession, and long gone are the days where the biggest worries for parents were celebrity crushes, massive phone bills from ridiculously long phone calls and chocolate overloads. These teenage obsessions still exist, but in today’s day and age, and in comparison to the Facebook craze, they seem rather insignificant (Director).† This huge issue also applied to me and my friends. When I came to Utah first, I had a hard time conversing with the people in this country. For learning English I decided to do Facebook rather than reading books or watching television, which is effective but not fun method. Because of Facebook’s worldwide connection, I was able to have more time and chance to communicate with my school friends. Soon, I could talk with Utah friends about private things and school work. As my relationship gets stronger, the time I spent doing Facebook extended, chat on-line and do applications already took a place in my life. I felt logging on Facebook was the best time ever in Utah since it helps me to learn language, to make friends, and to escape from boring life on abroad. But, the problem began with doing Facebook actively. My primary work of the day was doing Facebook. I preferred doing Facebook more than any other important work, including doing homework, exercising, sleeping, and even going to school. When I realized there was a problem, it was after I was addicted to Facebook. With my cousin’s help I could get away from Facebook, the dangerous social network. But some of my friends are still suffering from a Facebook with addiction. Another thing is that some person becomes lonelier after using social media. Most people might think that because social media have a benefit that give more opportunity to people to have more interactions through social network, people can strengthen relationship with their friends by chatting and leaving comments on each other’s wall and even people could make new friends by online meeting. Opposed to their thoughts, it is not. According to interview with Dr. John Cacioppo, who is a professor in neuroscience at the University of Chicago, tells that â€Å"â€Å"You can end up online so much that you end up sacrificing face-to-face contact. Having 4000 friends on Facebook might make you feel that you have lots of friends, but you have no face-to-face contact. In that case, loneliness INCREASES (Johnson).† It is not possible to make real relationship if people do not meet face to face. The people who were not talkative and social would be worse. One of my friends could e xample of this. He was poor at interacting with friends, he could not participate in our conversation and if we initiated a conversation, he stepped behind and went to his place. After he started using social media, the number of interaction with friends decreased. And he even did not make new friends through social media and he became less social. It led him to feel more loneness and seriously he tried to suicide once. It was one of happening events around me result of using social media. It is a really serious problem in this society. It is related to human’s life. This big problem is not facing to us. In conclusion, although social media has lots of benefits that are attractive and helpful to us, it usually gives more harmful influences than good effects. Like an addiction and fraud advertising, it is not anymore a small problem that can be ignored. To make better future, it is really important to use social media carefully. All things are depended on you. References Reporter, Telegraph. Facebook Helps Promote Long-Distance Relationships. The Telegraph. UK News, 17 July 2008. Web. 5 Jun 2012. . Director, Social Media. Facebook Addiction Disorder- The 6Symptoms of F.A.D. Social Times. High 5 Games, 2 May 2011. Web. 5 Jun 2012. . Johnson, Darko. Can Facebook make lonely people even lonelier?. MixtheNet. Mixthenet, 2010. Web. 24 Jun 2012. . Posted by Jin Uk Kim at 10:53 PM Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to Facebook 1 comment: kooroorooJune 10, 2012 at 10:25 PM Cool. I really like your personal experiences. Also, I like you explained what is good and bad to use social media. i think if you explain more about advertisment in social media, it would be better essay. Reply Load more Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) Blog Archive ââ€" ¼ 2012 (5) ââ€" ¼ June (2) What I revised and why? Persuasive Essay ââ€" º May (3) About Me Jin Uk Kim View my complete profile

Herbal Products Market Research

Herbal Products Market Research Abstract: Herbal products have gained a lot of attention in the recent years. This has pushed natural and nutraceuticals companies globally to take interest in these products. Herbal extracts are no longer a concoction of plants but are sophisticated standardized extracts. This has led countries all over the world to set regulatory guidelines and policies in order to maintain good quality, standardized herbal medicines. Konark Herbals Health Care, an India based company, manufactures solid and liquid herbal extracts in semi finished form. The company recently has decided to launch its products globally. This project focuses on opportunities of herbal products in the European Market i.e. the European Union. Europe being the central hub of herbal medicines is integrated with a number of regulatory guidelines set by the EU. The project aims at understanding these regulatory policies, gauging the market scenario and presenting ideas for launching the companys products by creating its place in the market. The main objective of this project was to gain an understanding of the herbal products already in the market and finding newer opportunity for its use Introduction About the Company Konark Herbals and Healthcare is a medium sized company established in 2004. The company is into manufacturing and selling of semi finished herbal products. These products include soft and dry herbal extracts, in both solid and liquid form. The company is also associated with the Konark Research foundation which carries out all the quality assurance and testing to ensure quality and standardised products. Konark manufactures over 300 herbals extracts, though its flagship product is curcumin and its derivatives. Up until 2010 the companys main focus was the domestic market. The products were marketed and sold either for domestic use or to other Indian companies for export purposes. The main problem faced by Konark was the competitive prices. The company also found that since the regulations in India were not very strict most competitive suppliers would sell sub standard quality products at a cheaper rate. A thorough study was done to understand the pros and cons of focusing on the domestic market. Therefore Konark Herbals and Health Care decided to launch its products globally. Therefore, this report focuses on opportunities of herbal products in the European market. Traditional Medicine has always had its popularity worldwide. In addition over the last few years there has been increase in the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) in many developed and developing countries. The last 15 years have seen an increase in the popularity of plant based medicines in the western world. Therefore the safety and quality of the CAMs have become very important concerns for the health authorities as well as the public. Several traditional medicine practices have been developed over the centuries in different cultures but without a parallel advance of international standards and using inappropriate methods for evaluating traditional medicine. Therefore strict guidelines and policies for herbal medicines are critical to the continued existence of quality products. Even though India and China are known for their herbal medicines since centuries, the hub of herbal products is Europe. More than 60% of the Europeans and greater than 80% of Germans (Figure 1) have used herbal products at some point of time in their life. Herbal remedies which we earlier sold in small special shops, often without any license, have now become mainstream drugs manufactured by multinational companies and sold in pharmacies throughout Europe. It is due to this high usage of products that the European Union has an extensive set of guidelines for herbal products. The EU has laid down guidelines and policies for all the processes related to these herbal products from manufacturing right up to market authorization and which it expects all to adhere to. European Union Overall Market Size The member states of the European Union represent the largest single commercial market for herbal drugs and medicinal plants in the world. The European market for herbal supplements along with herbal medicines is currently at $7.4billion. An analysis based on the data from IMS health placed the global European over the counter (OTC) market for herbal medicines at approximately $5billion. Imports The EU is also the largest importer of Crude medicinal plants and herbal extracts with imports approximated at around 100,000 tonne. This is almost double the quantity imported by the USA (IMS report). Germany is the most important European importer with 40% of the European market followed by France and Italy. European Guidelines Europe consists of 50 countries. And each country has its own regulatory guidelines and policies. It is important to know that out of the 50 countries only 27 countries fall under the European Union. Legislation in the European Union is set at the EU level, but there may be (additional) legal requirements which may be country specific. Although maximum synchronization is aimed it is not always achieved because of negotiations, debates and national interest. The European Medical agency along with the THMPD (Therapeutic herbal Medical product directive) are the two many regulatory bodies within the European Union. Each of the two bodies has a set of guidelines which has to be followed by not only the companies within Europe but also the companies that want to enter the European market for business opportunities. It includes policies from cultivation right up to marketing of the product in Europe. Understanding these guidelines is necessary for Indian companies such as Konark Herbals H ealth Care because in order to enter the European markets, they need to abide by them. The committee on Herbal Medicinal products (HMPC) HMPC, a part of the European Medical Agency, is responsible for preparing the agencys opinions on herbal medicines. In 2004 it replaced the proprietary medicinal products working party on herbal products which introduced a simplified registration procedure for herbal drugs in EU member states. The committee has the responsibility to prepare monographs of well established herbal medicines which is based on evaluation of available scientific data or on its traditional use in the European community. The monograph includes uses, safety information and information on undesirable effects. Traditional Herbal Medicinal Product Directive (formerly The Directive 2004/24/EC) The THMPD was established in 2004 to provide a simplified regulatory approval process for traditional herbal medicines in the EU. Under this regulation all herbal medicinal products are required to obtain an authorization to market within the EU. As per the THMPD all products marketed before this legislation came into force can market their product till 30 April, 2011. Once this limit expires they must gain market authorization. These guidelines are of great importance especially during the audits done by the European companies. As a mandatory procedure, all European companies conduct a thorough audit of the manufacturing facilities of the suppliers to check them for GMP compliance. The audit even checks for Good Agricultural practices (GAP) complied by the farmers supplying the crude plants to the supplier. GAP includes various documents and certificates that the supplier must have from the farmers. In case any of the guidelines are not met with, the supplier is not only rejected but is blacklisted by the company for future purposes until such time that the supplier has proven to be GMP and GAP compliant. Therefore the suppliers cannot afford to make any mistakes Examples of EU legislations relevant for herbal products: Directive 2001/83/EC on marketing authorization for medicinal products for human use, including homeopathic products and herbal medicines. Directive 2003/94/EC on the principles and guidelines of GMP for medicinal products for human use Phytosanitary measures. Directive 2000/29/EC Regulation 338/97 on the protection of endangered species in trade, CITES Preventive measures on organisms harmful to plants Directive 2000/29/EC Country Profiles Out of the 27 countries belonging to the European Union few countries such as Germany, UK and France are the major markets for herbal products. As mentioned earlier EU legislations are set at the EU level, but there may be country specific (additional) legal requirements. Understanding the guidelines for each of the countries is crucial because it is through these countries that Indian companies will make their entrance into the European Herbal Markets. Germany: Germany by far is the most important consumer of plant based medicines in Europe which accounts for more than 50 % of all European licensed herbal product sales. It is also the largest producers of herbal phytomedicines. Cultivation in Germany has declined massively over the years, which has lead companies to import herbal extracts from other countries such as India and China. This proves advantageous for Indian companies. It is also important to notice that even though Germany does have domestic cultivation, only 5% 10 % of the total requirement is covered by the domestic production. Germany is by far the largest importer of medicinal plants and extracts with imports of around 50,000 tonnes on a yearly basis. The basis of market authorization in Germany has been laid out in the Second Medicines Act which was formed in accordance with the EU legislative framework. It required a review of the safety and quality of 300 plants. This was done by a team of experts known as the Commission E who published more than 235 medicinal plants. Germany is one of the very few countries that consider herbal products as medicines thereby providing complete reimbursement of such products. The herbal drugs are reimbursable by the health insurance system unless special criteria for their exclusions apply. These exclusions are due to negative assessment by commission E. There are 380 monographs presented in the American Botanical CouncilsÂÂ  The Complete German Commission E Monographs, Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines, which has recently been translated into English The monographs include lists of approved and unapproved herbs, uses, indications, side effects, interactions of herbs with conventional drugs and duration of administration German Regulations: A national pharmacopoeia, the Deutsches Arneibuch and the European Pharmacopoeia are used, both of which are considered to be legally binding. A number of additional monographs have also being issued such as the Deutcher Arzneimittel Codex but are not legally binding. Regulatory Requirement for the manufacture of herbal medicines include adherence to the information in the pharmacopoeias. In the absence of pharmacopoeias, monographs, the GMP rules for conventional pharmaceutical, German Medicines Act and the Eudralex. Compliance with these requirements is ensured through inspection. Herbal medicines are sold in Germany in pharmacies as OTC and prescription medicines in special outlets and supermarkets. Advantages for an Indian Company to supply to German companies: Not more than 10% of the total requirement is covered by domestic market Only a handful of herbal plants are cultivated in Germany as compared to India. As per the adapted from BAH (Figure 2) more than a 100 Indian medicinal plants can cater to these therapeutic categories. Many Indian plants such as curcumin, Amla, Ashwagandha or on the positive list of commission E. Several curcumin products are reimbursed by the health insurance system. France: France is both a major producer and consumer of medicinal plants. It is the second largest market in Europe after Germany. It has more than 4000 hectares under cultivation of which over 30% is dedicated to plants such as thyme fennel chamomile and peppermint. Southern France is a major market for essential oils and aromatherapy. France imports around 30,000 tonnes of medicinal plants and extracts from countries such as India and China. France is also an exporter of medicinal plants which is about 8000 tonnes on a yearly basis. Most exports are simply intra European consignments often within same company. French regulations make it difficult to sell unlicensed herbal remedies. Around 527 medicinal plants are listed in the French Pharmacopoeia of which 454 plants are contained in list A (positive benefit /risk ratio). These include plants such as acacia. Curcumin, Aloe Vera etc. Plants such as tobacco and Thuja fall under list B that has a negative benefit/risk ratio. Despite all this, herbal medicines are classified as medicines in France and are subject to market authorization under the Health ministry. Guidelines: The French Republic does not have any national policy, laws, expert committee or national research institute on traditional medicines. Herbal medicines are regulated as OTC medicines and by law claims may be made about them. The same GMP rules for manufacture are applicable for herbal medicines as for the conventional medicines. Compliance with the requirements is ensured through inspections. Safety requirements are the same as that for conventional drugs. Out of 787 medicines registered none, are listed on national essential drug list. Advantages for Indian companies to target France: France is the Hub for essential oils and aromatherapy products. Therefore many Indian companies can supply oils such as cinnamon oil, turmeric oil etc. Out of the plants listed in List A of the French Pharmacopoeia more than 250 plants are available in abundance in India. Although the government is coming up with newer policies, cultivation in France is only for a minor group of medicinal plants. Therefore French companies have to look at supplier of plants and extracts. United Kingdom United Kingdom (U.K.) has until recently been well below that of many European counties. U.K. based MNCs have given limited importance to research in herbal drugs. British farmers too have not given much importance to medicinal plants. Less than 2000 hectares are devoted to medicinal plants. But consumption of herbal medicines has been growing at the rate of 10% (WHO report, 2008) Although U.K. has no single national office, the medicines and Healthcare product regulatory agency and the department of health in England have numerous teams to develop policy on the safe use and practice of traditional medicines. Herbal medicines are regulated under Medicines Act 1968 (2001/83, EC also applies). Until 2011 the directive provided two regulatory routes for herbal medicines to reach the market i.e licensed herbal medicines and unlicensed herbal medicines. Since May 2011 unlicensed herbal medicines have been ban in the market. The British Pharmacopoeia contains 124 national monographs. There are around 500 licensed herbal drugs in the U.K. but none are included in the national essential list. Herbal drugs are sold in pharmacies as OTC and prescription medicines. Overview of the top diseases affecting European human population Chronic diseases are the main cause of mortality in Europe. Research (by EDEC) suggests that complex conditions such as diabetes, depression and dementia will impose a prominent burden in the future. Some years ago chronic diseases were considered to be a problem of only the rich and elderly people. But today we know that which high income countries, poor as well as young people are affected by these chronic diseases. The implications of the diseases are also very serious. There are a number of chronic diseases that affect people all over Europe. The most prevalent ones are: Depression Obesity Diabetes Mellitus Alzheimers disease Parkinsons disease Dementia Schizophrenia COPD The link between disease and age is crucial from an economic public policy standpoint. The proportion of Europeans aged 65 years and older is projected to grow from 15% to 23% by 2030. This trend is clearly one of the many reasons for the growing burden of chronic diseases in Europe. (Pomerleau, Knai and Nolte, 2008). The prevalence of mental disorders is very high in Europe. Dementia amongst those who are aged i.e. 65 and above, in 2000 was estimated to vary between 6% to about 8 %. WHO has estimated that one in five persons will develop depression and each year 33 million European suffer from major depression. In 2008, the rates were lowest in Spain, Greece and Portugal while the highest estimates were for Finland, Israel, Belgium and France. Suicide from depressive disorders is the third leading cause of death among young Europeans. Top diseases affecting livestock in Europe Novel strategies and responses are necessary to meet the economic and human health risks that are associated with livestock diseases. Human-health threats from livestock come in two basic forms: (i) zoonotic diseases, and (ii) food-borne illnesses. Zoonotic diseases are those diseases that arise in animals but can also be transmitted to humans. Potentially pandemic viruses, such as influenza, are the most newsworthy, but many others, including rabies, brucellosis and anthrax also do exist. Food-borne illness can come from disease agents such as salmonella and E. coli. Highly pathogenic livestock diseases remain alarming for the people of Europe because: They are still highly pathogenic for humans. They are continuing to evolve. There is a risk of generic recombination with the viruses that are better adapted to, and can be easily transmitted among humans. The diseases affecting livestock in Europe include: Livestock Disease Avian influenza Bovine Tuberculosis Rabies Bovine Brucellosis Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) Ovine and Caprine brucellosis (B. Melitensis) Salmonellosis (zoonotic salmonella) Livestock Disease Avian influenza Ovine and Caprine brucellosis (B. Melitensis) Salmonellosis (zoonotic salmonella) African Swine Fever Bluetongue (High risk endemic areas) Methodology The main product to be launched by the company being Curcumin and its various derivates, a secondary research was conducted to gain an understanding about the product. Such a research gave an idea about its current use globally. Various companies across the globe are already manufacturing curcumin products and supplements therefore the product per se is not a novel product. But by understanding its current use it is possible to point out the areas that have never been explored. Companies such as Indena, Sabinsa, and Sigma Eldrich have been selling curcumin supplements over a decade. But it is astonishing to see that even today the full potential of curcumin and its derivatives has not been realized. This gives a possibility for companies to use such products for newer diseases. Reviewing diseases affecting Europe serves great importance since it explains the need for drugs in those sectors and consequentially the unmet medical need. About Curcumin Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from a the rhizome Curcuma longa (Turmeric). It is a gold-coloured spice frequently used in India, not just for health care but also for the preservation of food and as a dye for textiles. Since the time of Ayurveda (1900BC) numerous therapeutic actions have been assigned to curcumin for a selection of diseases, including skin diseases, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, wounds, sprains, allergies and liver disorders. It is in the last few decades that curcumin has gained a lot of attention by researchers, scientists and nutraceuticals companies worldwide. It is due to this, that there have been more than a hundred experiments been conducted in animals and plants for various diseases. Konark Herbals and Health Care has a vast portfolio of curcumin extracts of various standards. The company manufactures the extract from 1% curcuminoid content up to 99% curcuminoids. KHHC products Curcuma longa powder extract (Total curcuminoids NLT 95% by HPLC/UV spectrophotometer) Curcuma longa powder extract (Total curcuminoids NLT 40% by HPLC/UV spectrophotometer) Curcuma longa powder extract (Total curcuminoids NLT 10% by HPLC/UV spectrophotometer) Curcuma longa Granular (Total curcuminoids NLT 95% by HPLC/UV spectrophotometer) Curcuma longa Granular (Total curcuminoids NLT 85% by HPLC/UV spectrophotometer) Uses There have been various trials conducted for a wide variety of diseases most of which have been successful but have not received their due. Below is a short summary of the various uses of curcumin Neurological Disorders: Curcumin being a potent anti inflammatory agent has found its use in a number of diseases. Various trials have been conducted for its use against several neurological disorders. Current treatments for the majority of these diseases have not succeeded adequate until now. Both of oxidative damage and inflammation have been proved as having roles in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Because of its pluripotency, oral safety, prolonged history of use, and low cost, curcumin has huge potential for the prevention of numerous neurological conditions for which present therapeutics are less than optimal. Parkinsons disease Alzheimers disease Schizophrenia Depression Oncology: It has been proved that curcumin is an anti oxidant. This property of the molecule has allowed it use for several diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The anti oxidant property has potentiated its use even in the field of oncology which today is by far the most researched therapeutic category. Studies done on animals and humans have proved promising in more than just one type of cancer. There have been a number of articles published in journals all over the world regarding its potential use against prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer breast cancer and even blood cancer. Antibacterial Activity: Yet another property of curcumin is its proven use in the antibacterial and antifungal category. Curcumin was known to have antibacterial property since centuries but only recent experiments and research have proved its antibacterial activity. This has not only interested physicians but also veterinarians in potentially using curcumin as a topical drug. Patents The according to the Intellectual property rights, the use of curcumin cannot be patented since it is protected by traditional Knowledge of the country. But there have been several patents granted for novel drug delivery system of curcumin. The reason for modifying the molecule developing new delivery systems is because curcumin is a hydrophobic molecule and hence it has a low bioavailability. In order to over this problem researchers have formulated various novel systems to enhance its bioavailability. Understanding the current patents held for curcumin is needed because it shows how advance the industry is. A list of a few patents has been given below Water soluble curcumin based compounds , US patent application Curcumin Dextrin combinations, US patent application Buccal Drug Delivery System for Curcumin, US patent application Vaginal drug Delivery of curcumin, US patent application Spray freeze dry for pulmonary administration, US patent application Potential launch of curcumin products for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Diabetes is a chronic disease that arises when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This leads to raised glucose levels in the blood and can cause long-term damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues. Currently about 55 million Europeans are affected by diabetes Mellitus type 2. Studies conducted at research institutes have proven the effect of curcumin against diabetes. A comprehensive study was done on the diseases and the use of curcumin against various symptoms of the disease. A matrix approach was taken up. (As suggested by Dr Arun Bhatt, Clininvent) With the help of secondary research it was observed that curcumin can treat almost all symptoms relating to diabetes. Various poly herbal formulations are also in the development stage at Konark herbals and health care which have the potential to treat diabetic conditions. Through the research it was observed that several herbs in combination with curcumin could be used against the diabetic symptoms. Curcumin also has shown positive results for reducing cholesterol and LDL levels in the body i.e. preventing obesity. This can give curcumin an opportunity to act as a drug for pre diabetic syndrome. This can have a much better market since it has been observed that the trend amongst more people globally is cha nging from illness to wellness. Effect Potential Cure Eyes and vision Retinopathy caused due to oxidative stress and inflammation Cataract- does not prevent but delays its occurrence. Curcumin Feet and skin Foot ulcers. Polyherbal formulation (on going RD at Konark ) Joint pain osteoarthritis Osteoporosis- Curcumin , curcumin + Ashwagandha Oral Gum diseases Curcumin , curcumin + neem Curcumin in the form of THC Dry mouth Anti bacterial effect of curcumin Gingivitis Antibacterial effect s of curcumin Complications Alzheimers disease Curcumin, Melissa officinalis, ashwagandha, tinoprora cordifolia Cancer Prostate cancer Breast Cancer Colon Cancer Curcumin Cholesterol Metabolic syndrome Curcumin UTI Curcumin +boswelia antibacterial activity Further work remaining in the project: Potential launch of product for various diseases Speaking with the experts SWOT analysis Marketing strategies 4Ps Barriers to entry and overcoming challenges References: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/landing/vet_epar_search.jspHYPERLINK http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/landing/vet_epar_search.jspmid=WC0b01ac058008d7a8HYPERLINK http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/landing/vet_epar_search.jspmid=WC0b01ac058008d7a8mid=WC0b01ac058008d7a8 http://www.imb.ie/EN/Human-Medicines/Human-Medicines/Traditional-Herbal-Medicines-Registration-Scheme.aspx http://www.nutraceuticalsworld.com/issues/2008-07/view_features/the-global-herbs-amp-botanicals-market/ http://www.anh-europe.org/node/3113 http://www.turmeric-curcumin.com/ http://www.research.ucla.edu/tech/ucla02-427.htm http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jps.22512/abstract http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/754681 http://www.clininvent.com/clininvent/Publications/Complementary%20medicine%20Need%20for%20a%20balanced%20approach%20-%20Heal~1.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929771/

No Shirt, No Shoes, No Service :: essays research papers

No Shoes, No Shirt, No Service For the past few months, I have been focusing on the events and the principles behind the founding of our nation. During these studies, I often wondered how some of the ideas we cling to became entrenched in our paradigms of perception. For instance, there are words that have become taboo because of the ways they have been used. They are so taboo, in fact, that it has become nearly impossible to use the words constructively, because using them either shuts off the mechanism in the brain that controls attention span, or their mentioning automatically invites a defensive posture. Two of the unwitting victims are the words "politics" and "discrimination." The demise of valid uses of these words is sadly apparent when we discuss the issue of "free trade" with China. First, since negotiations with foreign governments can only justly and efficiently be done through representation of our own government, the issue inherently involves politics. There is no way of getting around it. Second, the decision is really whether or not to discriminate against the Chinese government fundamentally on the basis that we do not agree with their methods of controlling internal civil affairs. Are we right to presume we have the authority to judge the actions of a foreign government when our own government has, in fact, from time to time, been guilty of many of the same things we accuse the Chinese government of doing? One might be inclined to profess that we have no authority to judge, lest we open up the possibility of allowing ourselves to be judged. However, if we are just and consistent, is that Dickens 2 such a terrible proposition? While America is proud of its diversity, that diversity should not be used to steal our attention from the common, unifying principles, which sets America apart from the rest of the world. They are the principles outlined in the Declaration of Independence. Without those principles, we have no claim to freedom, so I'm not certain why there is an effort to categorically reject them. Retail establishments are apt to decide with whom they will do business based on criteria that is not necessarily relevant to a person's quality or depth of character. Patrons must be wearing certain articles of clothing, or they are not admitted. No shirt, no shoes, no service. Many of the more highly rated restaurants even require a coat and tie for their customers.

Individual Happiness Contributes to the Harmonious Society Essay

If you have a chance to choose a life, what will you choose? The rich but unhappy life or the ordinary life with lifelong happiness? Most people will choose the latter, because it is the essence of the life. The pursuit of individual happiness is being acknowledged as a world right. People often assume that happiness is an individual thing, but the meaning of happiness shifts across the life course. Therefore, happiness contributes to the harmonious society because it has a positive impact on social life and commercial development. First of all, individual happiness makes a contribution in enhancing social relationships. Individual happiness can invisibly influence the social behavior. If a person feels happy, that will result in positive behavior. Generally speaking, happiness will affect his character and his subjective well-being. Apparently, a happy person will be kind to the people around his social circle. According to Dixon (2011), â€Å"The happiness participants felt about their past generosity, the more likely they were in the present to choose to spend on someone else instead of themselves†. People are willing to share happy feelings; they will be kind spending on others. Individual happiness creates a virtuous cycle between happiness and kindness. Likewise, in the case of people being more kind, the relationship of friends and family will be strengthened. On the other hand, â€Å"happiness is as essential as food if a child is to develop into normal manhood or womanhood: the purpose of bringing-up in all its phases should be to make the child as happy as possible. † (Stearns, 2012) parents have a special bond with their children. A negligible emotional change may have a significant impact on children’s growth. Children will grow up healthily and comfortably in a relaxed and happy environment. Vice versa, parents will become happier when they witness the growth of their children without any trouble. Hence, individual happiness makes a â€Å"positive feedback loop† (Dixon, 2012) that sets an important bond between people. It enhances the relationship and it is beneficial for everyone of each side in the small social circle. Secondly, individual happiness improves the social working atmosphere in the commercial area. More and more businessmen are trying to add the element of happiness into their goods. As Stearns stated, â€Å"Harvey Ball, created in 1963 the yellow smiley face, which took off even in the wake of the Kennedy assassination and whose annual licensing revenues exceeded $50 million within the decade. † Admittedly, Life and work are tough for workers in modern society. In addition, businessmen used happy gimmick in their goods, is actually helping people go out of the dull life due to busy work. Their idea finally made it, because individual happiness is contagious and easily accepted. Thereby, individual happiness has a huge commercial potential compared to ordinary sales systems. Correspondingly, people generally lack the happiness because they are under enormous pressure. The gimmick of happiness will set up a â€Å"positive feedback loop† that benefit to both sellers and customers. Moreover, individual happiness can contribute to a relax work atmosphere. According to Stearns (2012), happiness inspired new workplace standards that instructed white-collar employees and sales people in the centrality of cheerfulness†. Working for a optimistic boss or a serious boss? Most people will choose the former one. No one can tolerate the tough words and face of the boss day by day. Conversely, employees find it easier to accept a happy employer who can mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff. Emotion of employers plays an increasing important role in the work place. Hence, individual happiness can enhance the performance of the company. When employees working in a workplace that is full of happiness, they will be cheered up, the internal thought will drive them to enjoy their work and greatly improve the work efficiency. Individual happiness thereby is beneficial to the commercial development. Some public opinion suggested that the society needs to be more serious, so individual happiness will distract the people’s major goals. This statement is obviously not logical because it is a historical trend that individual happiness accounted for a large proportion of life. It builds a positive circle that promotes the development of society. Serious emotion does work some occasions, but in the whole environment, it will make people become rigid and less creative. To conclude, individual happiness not only enriches the relationship between people, but also brings more benefit in the business process. Truly, the happiness plays a neglected role in some cultures. They are still trying to hiding their people’s feeling. However, dull and serious words have far less influence than many smiling faces around you. Individual happiness gives people the latter feeling; those smiling faces can affect other’s lives in the broader society. All in all, the spreading of individual happiness will lead to a tremendous improvement that will enable more people to live in a harmonious society.

Industry Life Cycle Essay

It is quite natural that people concerned with environmental issues could worry about the convenience industry. As it operates 24 hours and required high frequency deliveries, it inevitably include in the strong criticism because high frequency delivery is said to cause traffic jams and increase exhaust gas pollution. Even the 24-hour operation mode is criticized by many quarters in light of environmental problems, and even social problems like the increase of crime. To deal with these problems, convenience store takes up with reducing the numbers of deliveries through their effort. It also invests on electricity-saving equipment to be installed at all of its chain stores to save the electricity of electric lights and also the electricity of air-conditioners simultaneously. Industry Life Cycle The nature of corporate strategy will change as industries move along the life cycle. Introduction Phase In 1927, the Southland Ice Company is founded in Oak Cliff, Texas Tote’m stores introduced. At the same time, other types of stores were emerging such as â€Å"midget† stores and â€Å"motorterias† or mobile convenience stores. Sometimes supermarkets had small outlets in rural areas for people. The pattern of the emerging â€Å"convenience† types of stores grew modestly until World War II (although they were not yet called â€Å"convenience stores†). The big factor in all of these operations was fast service. In this phase, industry performed a high price, but profit is low due to investment in new category. Growth Phase At the end of the World War II and the increased ownership of automobiles sparked the rapid growth of the industry in the 1950s. The automobile helped fuel the growth of suburban living. The industry grew rapidly along with this consumer need for convenient shopping. Additional forces continued to drive convenience store growth. As grocery stores became larger and larger, they became less convenient for the customer who was in a hurry. Convenience stores filled in. Also, the increase in the number of working women reduced the amount of time available for shopping. Convenience stores began offering gasoline in US when self-serve became popular. As the industry moves towards growth, competitors are attracted by its potential and enter the market: supermarkets, mom-and-pop grocery stores, specialty food shops, drug and variety stores, vending fast food chains. Step into 1970s, convenience store operators had to cope with price and wage controls, gasoline and merchandise shortages, record inflation and interest rates, and increased competition due to longer hours and increased discounting by supermarkets. Maturity Phase As all the available customers are satisfied by the product, growth slows down and the market becomes mature. In the late 1980s, there was a continued reduction in the opening of new stores and an increase in the investment required for a new store. Industry attention moved to improve operations, margins and cost control. Rapidly changing technology area is providing new challenges and opportunities for the industry. Costs continued to go up with severe competition held back margins; more regulations were imposed, and there was an increased cost of doing business. Store labor costs were increasing due to increases in the minimum wage, more fringe benefits as well as many other factors such as adding service items like gasoline. As the number of convenience stores increased, the average number of households served by an individual store dropped. The higher level of saturation and increased competition led to fewer customers per store; therefore, stores remodeled to attract more customers rather than building new stores. The convenience store industry continued in the maturity phase; but the impact of increased competition, higher energy costs, new store expenses, and higher labor expenses reduced profits as a percentage of sales. Those companies that seek out customer needs and align themselves to serve those needs will be successful in the future. Structural drivers of change Structural drivers of change are forces likely to affect the structure of an industry, sector or market. It will be the combined effect of some of these separate factors that will be so important, rather than the factors separately. (Johnson & Scholes, 1999) 1. Issues of the law’s effectiveness: With the deregulation of many areas such as liquor license, medical supplies, travelling tickets, tours and so on, convenience stores should prepare its entry to deregulation fields. For instance, in expectation of deregulation in the sales of medical supplies, many convenience stores are preparing to entry to this field. It gives more opportunities for industry to attract more customers. 2. Offering new services: Offering new service is also a weapon for convenience stores to face the competition. Industry offers convenient services based on each neighborhood’s individual needs, including automated money orders, copiers, fax and automatic teller machines, long-distance phone cards and lottery tickets, where available. Not only does this service contribute to the increase in sales figures, but it also attracts many customers resulting in incidental shopping as well. For example, 7-Eleven in Japan sell rice and this contributes in particular to capturing the housewife bracket as a new customer type. This customer group had previously seldom shopped in the convenience store. Offering goods and services related closely to daily life enables a store to expand the base of its customers. Penetration of different industry: Competition becomes aggressive because the penetration of different industry. In the convenience retailing area, supermarket establishes their 24 hour store in some place. Convenience stores sell drug in order to attract more customer from drug store. Global players are getting into the game. Discount department stores are moving into grocery store categories. The convergence of retail competition will intensify competitive pressures and renew downward pressure on prices and margins.

Persuasive Essay Topics Hot List of Debatable Issues

Persuasive Essay Topics Hot List of Debatable Issues When you start writing a persuasive essay you have to remember that the main goal of the essay is to persuade the reader in what you are to write about. In order to be successful in your persuasive essay you have to dispose as much facts and arguments as possible. You are to do a lot of internet and encyclopedia research, analyze variety of articles and reviews in order to make your persuasive essay clear and true. Choosing the topic of your persuasive essay is the most important issue. You have to remember that your persuasive essay is going to have success and influence on the readers only when you know and understand the topic yourself. You, as well as your readers, must be interested in the topic you choose for the persuasive essay. You have to be able to present evidences and examples not only from the scientific, but also life and everyday point of view. The best way for the persuasive essay to work is to find some sort of ‘right’ for every ‘wrong’. While writing a persuasive essay you have to predict the arguments the readers will have and answer them with every new word. Persuasive essay must be structured and must be logical for the better perception. Remember, that the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader that your vision of the problem or the topic is true and right. Combining logical thoughts and ideas in your persuasive essay would lead to understanding of the evidences and facts. Be aware of using information directly from the sources when you write your persuasive essay. Still, if you do use the quotations from some sources they must be cited. Otherwise, your persuasive essay will be considered as plagiarism. Here are some examples of the persuasive essay topics to choose: Anorexia presented as a disease The impact of the reality television shows Should weapon be available? Plagiarism: learn or degrade Governmental criminals Should religion be imposed? Visual aids or words? Violence at schools Boss. Woman – boss. If you are looking for good persuasive essay topics or interesting persuasion essay topics let our professional writers help you write a persuasive paper of the finest quality.

SAT Homeschool Code for Registration

SAT Homeschool Code for Registration SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips TheCode The universal SAT Home School Code, needed to register for the SAT and applicable anywhere in the USA, is 970000. When you use this, itmeans that the score results will be sent directly to your home.Using this code simply indicates, for the sake of data gathering, that you are a home schooled student. Home schooled students, on average, score higher on the SAT than their public school counterparts. This code is CollegeBoard's way of tracking the results accurately. Also, the SAT compares you to the local average, but as a home schooled student, you won't provide an accurate representation of the local district scores. However, if you want to, you can use the local high school's code as well. When should you use your local high school's code? You can use your local high school codeas long as you have permission from the high school.This will ensure that your score gets sent and doesn't get lost being sent to your private address, if losing mail is a frequent issue for you.This could be a good option if you live in a hard to reach area. Conversely, this could mean less privacy for you, since the high school officials would be able to view your SAT score. If that bothers you, then it might be better to use the home schooler's code and send the scores directly to your residence. If you're a home schooler registering for the SATs you should check out: Top SAT Day Tipsif you want to improveyour score, with some last few tips! Take a look atHow is the SAT Different from a High School Test?to get a perspective on how and what the SAT tests differs from your average high school testing experience. ReadShould I choose online or classroom SAT Prep?to understand what type of SAT prep you may need. Take a look at our articles about summer SAT prep programs and their benefits and flaws. The Relation Between SAT Scores and Academic Achievementtalks about what the SAT measures, and you can see what implications there would be for you as a homeschooled student. How to Win a National Merit Scholarship! Read this to find out how to rank high in the nation - have the colleges vying for your attention! SAT Accommodations: What they are and how to get them. If you know you need them, its better to prepare to request them months in advance. This can briefly tell you how to do that. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Production analysis and strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Production analysis and strategy - Essay Example sand units every day, our production strategy was diverted to other initiatives to ensure profitability; we commenced carefully controlling prices, intensified marketing & product promotion and more importantly also concentrated on repaying our loan. Improvements in the lean manufacturing were particularly useful when we needed to switch production and therefore expended some significant amounts on the strategy. There were very few changeovers; we switched to the production of 500g varieties. Lean manufacturing also played an advantageous role by allowing the exploitation less competitive areas quicker than the other companies. We also spent a lot on production which translated to a high capacity in production; eventually this was one of our greatest competitive edge as compared to the other firms in the market place. When competition started cutting into our margins, we were able to maintain volumes in sales thanks to our strategies of continued diversification, investment in marketing & product promotion and strategic pricing. We therefore maintained a steady production and sales volumes despite the entry of other firms in the market. A critical factor in our strategy was production capacity; a steady and increasing production capacity gave us the much needed economies of scale. We managed therefore to spread costs through higher production capacities with net effect of reduced cost of production. With the increasing production capacity and reducing costs of production our team should be able to keep up with customer demands and also venture into new markets. Strategic gaps can be seen more especially with the decreasing production capacities of team D and this is therefore a potential markets for future entry. In the framework of VRIN analysis, our production capacity proved to have a very high value as it presented us with a unique opportunity to venture into underserved markets. We therefore were in a position give value to customers by ensuring their

The Future of Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Future of Energy - Essay Example Occupiers in New York demand a lot of energy services and energy use in buildings. This ranges from energy they use at home in home appliances, electricity, and energy they use on travels, gasoline (Dallas, 2006). Occupiers currently demand energy efficiency improvements and these must be addressed. The energy authorities and building developers need to optimize performance of the buildings and running costs in such away to improve energy efficiency and avoid traditional incorporations of property management services. In addition, developers need to focus on optimization of property assets encompassing facilities management, sustainability and flexibility of space. These are what the typical demand of occupiers is currently. Occupiers also challenge developers to meet their power load reduction goals. Therefore occupiers demand that developers ensure that they meet modern mandates and energy conservation goals. They must therefore ensure transmission, generation, and distribution entities work together effectively. Occupiers also demand that available load demand side management assets are identified and unified and hosted DSM is provided for utilities throughout the distribution of infrastru cture (Egan, 2002). Occupiers demand that energy requirements in buildings be reduced and sourced alternatively. They also need energy conservation solution with benefits such as: insight and visibility from generation to device unifying data throughout ecosystem of the energy; achieve compliance and reduction of load through the unified controls which execute and measure created diverse load control programs; cost savings through controlling peak charges; rapid adoption allowing utilities to participate in centralized programs; and future proofing with standard based system device agnostic supporting hardware legacy, data sources and

The Emerald Forest by John Boorman Movie Review

The Emerald Forest by John Boorman - Movie Review Example Apart from the difference in the authority structures of these two societies, their entire life styles and cultures are different. Western modern society is developed and advanced in terms of technology and uses machine guns and weapons to fight, aero planes to travel and other machines to cut off forests and clear the land for construction, whereas the invisible people do not have much use of technology as they use arrows and spears to fight and travel by walking long distances (â€Å"Proyect†). As wanadi says, â€Å"When I was a boy, the edges of the world was very far away, but it comes closer each year.† It means that western world is growing in technology and now travelling across the entire world to reach far off places have become easy and fast. However, as technology is enhancing it is destroying the natural environment more (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). Air pollution from the aero planes, cars etc have increased resulting in various diseases affecting our respiratory systems when we inhale the oxygen present in the air. Also the modern guns and weapons have resulted in the increasing demolition of mankind who are killed in massacres. The machines used to clear off forests have destroyed the beauty of the world and the indigenous livelihood (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). The natural resources are being depleted with the adoption of new technology. This is the reason that the people of the western world were called to be Termite as they cut down big trees and destroy the real world which is in forests (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). The invisible people are loving, caring, innocent people who calls the forest as their world, who keeps to themselves, away from western society and just want... Both the traditional culture and the culture of the western American societies have their own good and bad points but in my view, the culture of the invisible people is far better than that of the westerners. The reason is that the invisible people were good hearted, loving humans who were satisfied with their lives and were happily living with their people in their world. Their culture satisfies all their humanly needs like physiological needs of food, water, sex etc, the safety needs by providing them shelter, resources to survive, health, their emotional needs by providing family, love, and by giving a sense of community in which people can depend upon each other in time of their need, their esteem needs i.e. their culture teaches them how to respect others and confidence and finally the highest level of human need that is self-actualization by providing them problem-solving capabilities and morality. The traditional culture promotes spirituality and the feeling of community which makes them selfless people who unlike the westerners do not tear apart nature and others feel for their own needs or motives. This view is further supported by Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and Emile Durkheim who also views modern society as a misery in which people are unhappy and never fully satisfied. Even though they all have the same conclusion, they have different reasons for their views. According to Karl Marx, this misery results from capitalism which divides society into two major groups Bourgeoisie and Proletaria.

How should we explain the decline in levels of membership of political Essay

How should we explain the decline in levels of membership of political parties across most western democracies - Essay Example Individuals receive support from the state at the expense of accepting an increase in regulation, mostly with respect to the exercise of conducting elections (Albertazzi,D. & McDonnell,D. 2010)This piece of work permits an extensive investigation about the levels of party membership across vast democracies in Europe. Along with a robust exploration on the difference in the patterns of party association existing between older democracies and the newly created ones along with the post-communist democracies as well (Rozenvalds, 2005, p.163). According to Crouch (2008), Party membership levels in the post communist democracies have remained substantially below those in the established Western politics Definitely the novelty of these democracies, the weakening or elimination of traditional cleavages that resulted from the attempt by communism to construct a classless society along with the fact that party organizations surged in a perspective in which they could already gain the benefits of modern communications networks in their efforts of seeking support, are likely to have dispirited their efforts to put up mass organizations for a longer term (Putnam, Robert 2000) This is also probable and obvious to be the same case in the southern European polities that surged from authoritarian rule in the 1970s (Crouch 2008) we will continue to anticipate that the newer the democracy, the smaller is likely to be the membership level. Based on the recent data available from many sources, party membership in contemporary European democracies produce figures of total party membership expressed in raw numbers and as a percentage of electorate (M/E) which is an indicator which is more suitable for cross-national comparisons. Activists are authorized to monitor and implement heavy burden of regulations who end up being uncompensated for their (Whiteley, 2014, p.102). These advances have turned political parties to public utilities to say

Emerging Markets Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging Markets Economies - Essay Example This paper is based on the writings of Rousseau and Sylla on financial institutions and their role in expansion of trade and economic growth. Lessons which can be learned by emerging economies from the US are presented and described at length within this paper. Moreover the paper discusses the implementation of various models for a sound financial system and description of its role in enhancing expansion of trade and economic growth of emerging markets. It is through a good or sound financial system that rapid economic growth can be realized by emerging market. As a result, emerging economies must put in place a sound public debt and finances system (Rousseau and Sylla, 2001, p. 2). The financial markets are critical in the development of any economy and thus emerging markets must prioritize stabilization of their financial systems. For example, the remarkable growth of the US capital markets and banking systems is attributed to the rapid growth of its economy and acceleration of tra de within the country and internationally (Rousseau and Sylla, 1999, p. 4). This illustrates the role of financial markets in empowering individuals and businesses through provision of credit facilities as capital to enhance their trade. The efforts of the individual businesses in their trade endeavors will in return promote the ultimate economic growth of the economy. Moreover, the confidence and morale of investors is improved when there is availability and access to credit facilities. As a result, the investors will make use of the credit facilities and invest in the economy leading to expansion of trade and the economy in general. Monetary exchanges which characterize trade activities are promoted through a sound financial system. Banks enhance business transactions which are attributed to expansion of trade within emerging markets and thus growth of businesses. Rousseau and Sylla (2001, p. 42) emphasize that expansion of businesses into corporations and their internalization de monstrates a rapid growth of the economy. Rousseau and Sylla (1999, p. 15) reaffirm that the growth in stock of money or liquid money through expansion and increase of bank loans promotes financial development, economic growth and trade. For example, the increased liquid money in the expanded US bank credit boosted foreign investment through investors who were now more confident to invest in the economy. As a result imports were encouraged in addition to the increased application of modern production methods and thus internal economic growth. In this sense, financial are accredited for expansion of a country’s trade into import and export trade. Because of the growth of an emerging market’s trade into international orientations, foreign exchange is attained and hence further growth of the economy. It is the liquid money which finances businesses within an emerging economy Rousseau and Sylla (1999). The rate of exchange of liquid money within an economy demonstrates tha t there is rapidity of trade activities and hence a reflection of an expanding economy. According to Rousseau and Sylla (2001, p. 21), stable monetary arrangements within a country is one of the most important prerequisites to expansion of trade and growth of the economy. Monetary arrangements include policies which govern the financial systems. This means that emerging markets or economies must

Markting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Markting - Assignment Example The user can choose to set the calorie alarm of the device to a specific level of his or her choice. For example, if the user is on a 180 calorie diet per meal, the user can set the calorie alarm to 180 calories. Once the user will reach or exceed his or her desired calorie level, the alarm will activate and the device will display the total amount of calories the user has taken. Before the user starts his or her meal, the user has to press the start button to activate the calorie intake meter. After the user has finished the meal, the user then has to press the stop button to end the calorie intake count. When the stop button has been pressed, the data (amount of calories taken) will then be automatically saved along with the date and time (to indicate if the meal is breakfast, lunch, snacks or dinner) into the memory card of the device. Once the data has been saved, the user then can upload the data to the computer so that he or she can keep track of his or her calorie intake. Just like any ordinary watch, the device has time, calendar and stopwatch features, as well as the ability to switch the display with a press of a button. During my research I found products that are similar to the calorie intake counter. This similar product is called calorie counter watch. The difference between the said products is that the calorie counter watch measures the amount of calories burned by the user through the help of a pedometer which is installed in the device. A pedometer is a device that measures the distance a person travels on foot by responding to the motion of the body. In the case of the calorie counter watch, the pedometer measures the steps and the calories burned through the swinging of the arm. While the calorie intake counter watch as stated above, measures the amount of calories the user has taken through a special device called calorie intake meter. The calorie intake counter watch is a good instrument for people who want to maintain, gain or

How should we explain the decline in levels of membership of political Essay

How should we explain the decline in levels of membership of political parties across most western democracies - Essay Example Individuals receive support from the state at the expense of accepting an increase in regulation, mostly with respect to the exercise of conducting elections (Albertazzi,D. & McDonnell,D. 2010)This piece of work permits an extensive investigation about the levels of party membership across vast democracies in Europe. Along with a robust exploration on the difference in the patterns of party association existing between older democracies and the newly created ones along with the post-communist democracies as well (Rozenvalds, 2005, p.163). According to Crouch (2008), Party membership levels in the post communist democracies have remained substantially below those in the established Western politics Definitely the novelty of these democracies, the weakening or elimination of traditional cleavages that resulted from the attempt by communism to construct a classless society along with the fact that party organizations surged in a perspective in which they could already gain the benefits of modern communications networks in their efforts of seeking support, are likely to have dispirited their efforts to put up mass organizations for a longer term (Putnam, Robert 2000) This is also probable and obvious to be the same case in the southern European polities that surged from authoritarian rule in the 1970s (Crouch 2008) we will continue to anticipate that the newer the democracy, the smaller is likely to be the membership level. Based on the recent data available from many sources, party membership in contemporary European democracies produce figures of total party membership expressed in raw numbers and as a percentage of electorate (M/E) which is an indicator which is more suitable for cross-national comparisons. Activists are authorized to monitor and implement heavy burden of regulations who end up being uncompensated for their (Whiteley, 2014, p.102). These advances have turned political parties to public utilities to say

Markting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Markting - Assignment Example The user can choose to set the calorie alarm of the device to a specific level of his or her choice. For example, if the user is on a 180 calorie diet per meal, the user can set the calorie alarm to 180 calories. Once the user will reach or exceed his or her desired calorie level, the alarm will activate and the device will display the total amount of calories the user has taken. Before the user starts his or her meal, the user has to press the start button to activate the calorie intake meter. After the user has finished the meal, the user then has to press the stop button to end the calorie intake count. When the stop button has been pressed, the data (amount of calories taken) will then be automatically saved along with the date and time (to indicate if the meal is breakfast, lunch, snacks or dinner) into the memory card of the device. Once the data has been saved, the user then can upload the data to the computer so that he or she can keep track of his or her calorie intake. Just like any ordinary watch, the device has time, calendar and stopwatch features, as well as the ability to switch the display with a press of a button. During my research I found products that are similar to the calorie intake counter. This similar product is called calorie counter watch. The difference between the said products is that the calorie counter watch measures the amount of calories burned by the user through the help of a pedometer which is installed in the device. A pedometer is a device that measures the distance a person travels on foot by responding to the motion of the body. In the case of the calorie counter watch, the pedometer measures the steps and the calories burned through the swinging of the arm. While the calorie intake counter watch as stated above, measures the amount of calories the user has taken through a special device called calorie intake meter. The calorie intake counter watch is a good instrument for people who want to maintain, gain or

International Baccalaureate program of studies Essay Example for Free

International Baccalaureate program of studies Essay It has always been my dream and my desire to complete a higher education and be able to have a strong foundation upon which to build my success. I have many goals in life and, while I sometimes have not known exactly what route I wanted to take for my life, but I always knew that I wanted to be successful and create a place for myself in the world. The International Baccalaureate Program would be the perfect place for me to begin my journey towards becoming a successful professional who can both support herself and create a great life for her family, as well as make an effect on the world around me, beginning with my community. This program would give me the opportunity to begin that journey towards a newer, better future in which I can show the world that just because you have a slow start, doesn’t mean you cannot accomplish a great deal with your life. I have had many struggles throughout my life, particularly in terms of my grades and my studies in high school. Subjects do not always come easy to me, and while I have not always had the highest grade in the class, the grades I have earned I have worked very hard for. I do not feel that any failure, either personally, professionally, or academically, is really a waste, because even when I have made mistakes I have learned a great deal from them and this has allowed me to become a better student and individual. I feel this way because not everyone is perfect or has an easy time of things, and by struggling myself I can better understand and appreciate other people with similar issues. This is why my goal of becoming a social worker or a businesswoman is so important to me. I believe that my background and my ability to overcome so much will make me into a better student in college and a better professional in my future career. I wish to challenge myself to become a better person, and this program would be a great starting place for my future. Whatever I do, I do with my full heart, even if I do not succeed right from the beginning. I am a very artistic person that enjoys exploring my own creativity and looking outside of the box. One of the hobbies that I have taken the most interest in has been drawing, and I have thrown myself into this with a great amount of enthusiasm. My drawing is very important to me as it gives me a creative outlet for all of my hopes, fears, dreams and realities. I also play the flute, and this has taught me discipline and how important it is to see things through to the end. It has always taught me the value of practice and how I can see myself improving through hard work and dedication to something that I am involved in. This can easily carry on to my commitment to this program and all that it has to offer. Overall, my life is improving and I have been becoming a stronger individual because of my struggles in school. I know that now that I have found ways for me to succeed academically I will continue to become a better student and eventually a better professional. With my hard work, dedication, commitment to improvement, and creativity, I would make a strong candidate for admission into the International Baccalaureate Program. I look forward to being a part of your program.

Mixed Numbers And Improper Fractions English Language Essay

Mixed Numbers And Improper Fractions English Language Essay A Fraction has two parts that tell us what it denotes. The first part is the top number or the numerator. The numerator is the number of pieces you have. The second part of a fraction is the bottom number called the denominator (THINK: Downominator). The denominator is the number of pieces the whole thing is divided into. Example: 3/4 means: We have 3 pieces of something. The whole thing is divided into 4 pieces. Each piece is a quarter (1/4) of the whole thing. There are three types of fraction: [Picture may need to be redone. Taken from http://www.mathsisfun.com/improper-fractions.html] We define the three types of fractions like this: Proper Fractions [glossary term; a fraction where the top number is smaller than the bottom number. http://www.bing.com/Dictionary/search?q=define+proper+fractionFORM=DTPDIA] A proper fraction is a fraction with the numerator smaller than the denominator. In other words, the numerator is less than the denominator. Examples: 1/3, 3/4, 2/7 1/2 etc. This is the type of fraction we typically think of when we are sharing or splitting something up. Improper Fractions [glossary term; a fraction where the top number is bigger than the top number. http://www.bing.com/Dictionary/search?q=define+improper+fractionFORM=DTPDIA] An improper fraction is a fraction that has a numerator larger than or equal to its denominator. In other words, the numerator is bigger than or the same size as the denominator. We can remember an improper fraction by thinking its top-heavy. In the examples below, notice how the top number is bigger than the bottom number? That makes it an Improper Fraction. Examples: 4/3, 11/4, 3/2, 7/4, 16/15, 99/5 The term IMPROPER suggests that you shouldnt use it or that its incorrect in some way, but there is nothing wrong about Improper Fractions. As you move on to higher levels of mathematics, you will find improper fractions are very friendly to use. We know that when the numerator is less than the denominator it is called a proper fraction. When the numerator is greater than the denominator it is called an improper fraction. What do we call the fraction when the numerator is equal to the denominator as in the example 4/4 ? [Picture may need to be redone. Taken from http://www.mathsisfun.com/improper-fractions.html] In this instance where the numerator is the same as the denominator, the number of pieces you have are the same as the number of pieces the whole is divided into. We define this as 1, just as a pizza is a WHOLE pizza when it has all of its slices. Whenever you see the same number in the numerator as the denominator, remember that fraction equals 1. Examples: 4/4 = 1 and 7/7 = 1 [BEGIN YOUR TURN perhaps this could be done as a drag and drop.] Match each fraction with its appropriate term, PROPER, IMPROPER or WHOLE Answers 5/8 PROPER 8/5 IMPROPER 8/8 WHOLE 7/6 IMPROPER 6/7 PROPER 7/7 WHOLE 21/5 IMPROPER 5/21 PROPER 21/21 WHOLE 3/100 PROPER 100/3 IMPROPER 100/100 WHOLE [END YOUR TURN] Mixed Fractions or Mixed Numbers [glossary term; a fraction number consisting of a proper fraction and a whole number together http://www.bing.com/Dictionary/search?q=define+mixed+numberFORM=DTPDIA] A whole number and proper fraction together is a Mixed Fraction or also known as a Mixed Number. Examples: 1 1/3, 2 1/4, 16 2/5 [Pictures may need to be redone. Taken from http://www.mathsisfun.com/improper-fractions.html] 1 3/4 Â   1 1/4 = 2 3/8 A mixed number consists of an integer followed by a proper fraction. Mixed fractions are typically used in everyday/normal conversation. Remember that fractions are used to count a part of something or a group. Â ¼ of this 1 whole square is red. Mixed numbers are used when you need to count whole things AND parts of things at the same time. How many of the following squares are red? There are 5 whole squares and part of another square. We write it like this 5 1/4. When we read it or say it out loud we would day, five and one fourth. This is similar to writing 5 + Â ¼ , but, we dont write the + in written form. In word form addition is the same as the word AND. [BEGIN YOUR TURN] This would be a great spot for an interactive video like this onehttp://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/WebLessons/MixedNumbers/default.htm [END YOUR TURN] [BEGIN YOUR TURN] This would be a great spot for an interactive game to play with mixed numbers like this one http://www.mrnussbaum.com/sal/index.html This is very fun stuff! [END YOUR TURN] [BEGIN REVIEW] 1. A mixed number is _________________ a number made up of a whole number and a fraction. *Always Sometimes Never Feed back: By definition 2. An improper fraction should never be used as an answer to a math problem. True *False Feed back: Improper fractions will make solving math problems easier as you get into high levels of mathematics. 3. A proper fraction is _______________ used when you need to count whole things AND parts of things at the same time. Always Sometimes *Never Feed back: A proper fraction is a fraction that has a denominator larger than the numerator and is used when you are talking about pieces of 1. 4. Which is the correct mathematical description for the following picture? *5/8 1 5/8 eight fifths 4 and 1/8 Feedback: the pizza is divided into 8 pieces. 5 of the pieces are showing. Use a proper fraction of 5/8. 5. How would you describe the following picture in words to your friend? There are twelve fifteenths pentagons. *There are two and two fifths pentagons. There are two fifths pentagons. There are two whole pentagons and a fraction more. Feed back: There are two and two fifths pentagons. We use mixed fractions in everyday language. [END REVIEW] [BEGIN QUIZ] 1. A proper fraction is _________________ a number made up of a whole number and a fraction. Always Sometimes *Never Feed back: A proper fraction is a fraction that has a denominator larger than the numerator and is used when you are talking about pieces of 1. 2. Improper fractions are friendly to use in mathematics problems but are not used in everyday language. *True False 3. A mixed number is _______________ used when you need to count the fractional pieces of something. Always Sometimes *Never Feed back: Mixed numbers are used when you need to count whole things AND parts of things at the same time. 4. Which is the correct mathematical description for the following picture? 11/12 *5 1/2 six halves five and one twoths Feedback: There are 5 full circles denoting 5 wholes and 1/2 of another. 5. What term would you use to describe the number of blue blocks below to your friend? proper fraction improper fraction *mixed number fraction Feed back: Mixed numbers are used when you need to count whole things AND parts of things at the same time. [END QUIZ] [BEGIN TEST] 1. A proper fraction is _________________ a fraction where the numerator is larger than the denominator Always Sometimes *Never Feed back: A proper fraction is a fraction that has a denominator larger than the numerator and is used when you are talking about pieces of 1. 2. The term Improper fraction simply means the numerator is larger than the denominator. *True False 3. A mixed fraction is _______________ the same as a mixed number. *Always Sometimes Never Feed back: The terms mixed numbers and mixed fractions are interchangeable and used when you need to count whole things AND parts of things at the same time. 4. Which picture below represents the improper fraction 5/2? * Feedback: There are 5 full circles denoting 5 wholes and 1/2 of another. 5. What term would you use to describe the of the nail below to your friend? proper fraction improper fraction *mixed number fraction Feed back: Mixed numbers are used when you need to count whole things AND parts of things at the same time. [END TEST] CONCLUSION: A Fraction has two parts that tell us what it denotes. The first part is the top number or the numerator. The numerator is the number of pieces you have. The second part of a fraction is the bottom number called the denominator (THINK: Downominator). The denominator is the number of pieces the whole thing is divided into. There are three types of fraction: Proper Fractions A proper fraction is a fraction with the numerator smaller than the denominator. Improper Fractions An improper fraction is a fraction that has a numerator larger than or equal to its denominator. We can remember an improper fraction by thinking its top-heavy. . As you move on to higher levels of mathematics, you will find improper fractions are very friendly to use. Mixed Fractions or Mixed Numbers A whole number and proper fraction together is a Mixed Fraction or also known as a Mixed Number Mixed fractions are typically used in everyday/normal conversation. Mixed numbers are used when you need to count whole things AND parts of things at the same time. We write it like this 5 Â ¼ When we read it or say it out loud we would day, five and one fourth. .When is a fraction a WHOLE? when the numerator is equal to the denominator as in the example 4/4 ? Whenever you see the same number in the numerator as the denominator, remember that fraction equals 1.

Culture Of India :: essays research papers fc

Nearly one sixth of all the human beings on Earth live in India, the world's most populous democracy. Officially titled the Republic of India, it's 1,269,413 sq. mi. lie in South Asia, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by Pakistan (W); China, Nepal, and Bhutan (N); and Myanmar (E) and Bangladesh forms an enclave in the NE. Its borders encompass a vast variety of peoples, practicing most of the world's major religions, speaking scores of different languages, divided into thousands of socially exclusive castes, and combining the physical traits of several major racial groups (Compton's). The modern nation of India (also known by its ancient Hindi name, Bharat) is smaller than the Indian Empire formerly ruled by Britain. Burma (now Myanmar), a mainly Buddhist country lying to the east, was administratively detached from India in 1937. Ten years later, when Britain granted independence to the peoples of the Indian subcontinent, two regions with Muslim majorities--a lar ge one in the northwest (West Pakistan) and a smaller one in the northeast (East Pakistan)--were partitioned from the predominantly Hindu areas and became the separate nation of Pakistan. East Pakistan broke away from Pakistan in 1971 to form the independent nation of Bangladesh. Also bordering India on its long northern frontier are the People's Republic of China and the relatively small kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan. The island republic of Sri Lanka lies just off India's southern tip (New World Encyclopedia).Much of India's area of almost 1.3 million square miles (3.3 million square kilometers--including the Pakistani-held part of Jammu and Kashmir) is a peninsula jutting into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. There are three distinct physiographic regions. In the north the high peaks of the Himalayas lie partly in India but mostly just beyond its borders in Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. South of the mountains, the low-lying Indo-Ga ngetic Plain, shared with Pakistan and Bangladesh, extends more than 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal (Compton's). Finally, the peninsular tableland, largely the Deccan, together with its adjacent coastal plains, makes up more than half of the nation's area. In general, India's climate is governed by the monsoon, or seasonal, rain-bearing wind. Most of the country has three seasons: hot, wet, and cool. During the hot season, which usually lasts from early March to mid-June, very high temperatures are accompanied by intermittent winds and occasional dust storms (Concise). Culture Of India :: essays research papers fc Nearly one sixth of all the human beings on Earth live in India, the world's most populous democracy. Officially titled the Republic of India, it's 1,269,413 sq. mi. lie in South Asia, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by Pakistan (W); China, Nepal, and Bhutan (N); and Myanmar (E) and Bangladesh forms an enclave in the NE. Its borders encompass a vast variety of peoples, practicing most of the world's major religions, speaking scores of different languages, divided into thousands of socially exclusive castes, and combining the physical traits of several major racial groups (Compton's). The modern nation of India (also known by its ancient Hindi name, Bharat) is smaller than the Indian Empire formerly ruled by Britain. Burma (now Myanmar), a mainly Buddhist country lying to the east, was administratively detached from India in 1937. Ten years later, when Britain granted independence to the peoples of the Indian subcontinent, two regions with Muslim majorities--a lar ge one in the northwest (West Pakistan) and a smaller one in the northeast (East Pakistan)--were partitioned from the predominantly Hindu areas and became the separate nation of Pakistan. East Pakistan broke away from Pakistan in 1971 to form the independent nation of Bangladesh. Also bordering India on its long northern frontier are the People's Republic of China and the relatively small kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan. The island republic of Sri Lanka lies just off India's southern tip (New World Encyclopedia).Much of India's area of almost 1.3 million square miles (3.3 million square kilometers--including the Pakistani-held part of Jammu and Kashmir) is a peninsula jutting into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. There are three distinct physiographic regions. In the north the high peaks of the Himalayas lie partly in India but mostly just beyond its borders in Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. South of the mountains, the low-lying Indo-Ga ngetic Plain, shared with Pakistan and Bangladesh, extends more than 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal (Compton's). Finally, the peninsular tableland, largely the Deccan, together with its adjacent coastal plains, makes up more than half of the nation's area. In general, India's climate is governed by the monsoon, or seasonal, rain-bearing wind. Most of the country has three seasons: hot, wet, and cool. During the hot season, which usually lasts from early March to mid-June, very high temperatures are accompanied by intermittent winds and occasional dust storms (Concise).

Physics of Snow :: physics snow

The most basic form of an ice crystal is a hexagonal prism. This form occurs because certain surfaces of the crystal, the growth facets, grow very slowly. The reason these facets exist derives from the molecular structure of water, and how water molecules arrange themselves into a crystalline lattice. The hexagonal prism includes two hexagonal "basal" faces and six rectangular "prism" faces. Note that the hexagonal prism can be "plate-like" or "column-like", if the length along the c-axis is short or long compared to the length along the a-axes. What kinds of snow crystals fall from the sky? Before answering this, it is useful to define what a snow crystal is. Types of frozen precipitation include: Snow crystals -- Individual, single ice crystals, often with six-fold symmetrical shapes. These grow directly from condensing water vapor in the air, usually around a nucleus of dust or some other foreign material. Typical sizes range from microscopic to at most a few millimeters in diameter. Snowflakes -- Collections of snow crystals, loosely bound together into a puff-ball. These can grow to large sizes, up to about 10 cm across in some cases, when the snow is especially wet and sticky. Rime -- Supercooled tiny water droplets (typically in a fog), that quickly freeze onto whatever they hit. For example, one often sees small droplets of rime on large snow crystals. Graupel -- Loose collections of frozen water droplets, sometimes called "soft hail." Hail -- Large, solid chunks of ice. A simple observation on a snowy day, with a low-power microscope or hand magnifying lens, quickly reveals a great variety of snow crystal shapes. Some different types include basic plate-like forms. 1) Simple sectored plate; 2) Dendritic sectored plate; 3) Fern-like stellar dendrite and basic column-like forms: 1) Hollow column, or sheath-like crystal; 2) Needle crystal More crystal types can be listed, as are described under Classification schemes. These other forms are mostly variations and combinations of the above basic types, such as plates with dendritic extensions, capped columns, etc. Under what conditions do the different types of snow crystals form? By growing snow crystals in the laboratory under controlled conditions, one finds that snow crystals grow in different forms depending mainly on the temperature and supersaturation level during growth. This is shown in a "morphology diagram," which gives the crystal shape under different conditions. At very low supersaturation levels, say less than a few percent relative to ice, crystals grow mostly as simple hexagonal prisms. The aspect ratio (ratio of sizes along the a-axis and c-axis) varies somewhat with temperature at low supersaturation, changing from plates (-2 C) to columns (-5 C) to plates (-15 C) and back to columns again (-30 C).

Discuss the importance of children making choices Essay

Issues that could be considered might be that the children are young and can’t make up their mind enough, even though it’s good to let children make choices the adults are to support the child helping and reassuring the child. Some children are more confident playing in a set activity; any child who is not as confident has to be helped and giving motivation to help their development. â€Å"Children like to feel the same as others; living with a medical condition may make a child feel different† Tassoni p, (2007) childcare and education 3rd edition page 60. When giving children the opportunities to make choices you make them feel in control and help to build up their self-esteem, children need to make choices to develop their understanding of the world and know how to handle their self, not encouraging them to make choices might lead them to misbehave or rebel. Choices enhance their imagination; play can consist of amusing or imaginative activity for independent play or with others. The rites of play are evident throughout nature; it helps in their social development. In a classroom it’s important for the children to choose what activities they would like to do, according to Piaget’s constructivist principles if they can make their own decision they will be self-motivated and they will not feel the need to break rules behind the teachers back. â€Å"Play often entertains props, tools, animals, or toys in the context of learning and recreation. Some play has clearly defined goals and when structured with rules is called a game. Whereas, some play exhibits no such goals, nor rules and is considered to be â€Å"unstructured† in the literature. † http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Play_(activity) A1 – Describe how practitioners can encourage children to direct their own play. â€Å"For play to be empowering children must be allowed to take control of their own play rather than follow what adults want them to do† Tassoni p, (2007) childcare and education 3rd edition pg. 318 Practitioners would have to provide activities that would encourage children to play independently, letting the children choose what activates and equipment they want to use can help. When the children are playing on equipment a practitioner could ask the child â€Å"how are you supposed to use it† this will make the child show you, it’s good for a quieter child, encouraging them to take part in the play. When laying out activities or equipment it’s important that you are aware of spaces around, the children will not be encourage to play when an activity is not appealing to them. Make sure that there is enough room for the children to play around it. When choosing the equipment get the children involved let them choose what they would like to play. A practitioner should intervene when the children are choosing numerous activities let one child at a time get a say then the practitioner can make the final decision making sure you explain to other children why they could not have done that activity then. Creative play D1 – describe the activity You will need; 2 medium sized containers 2 different coloured paints Paint brushes (different sizes) Pasta (different shapes) Different colour sting Scissors Coloured paper Beads Glue Pour the pasta into the separate containers. Allow the children to paint the pasta. Use the different colour paint for each container. When they have finished painting, leave the pasta to dry. When they have dried the children can choose whether to make jewellery or use the pasta to decorate their drawings. D2 – what is the purpose or aim of the activity? Include the age of the children. This activity is for children aged 3 or 4. It will help to develop their hand and eye co – ordination skills, whilst making their jewellery, threading the string through the pasta. It helps develop their fine motor skills. It helps with their social development because they are working with other children and learning how to take turns. â€Å"Children need to feel secure, valued and loved without this emotional support; they find it hard to show co – operative behaviour. Attention seeking behaviour can be assign that a child needs more support† Tassoni p, (2007) childcare education 3rd edition page 44 This activity will also support their language and communication skills because they are talking to other children, telling each other what they’re making and who they’re doing it for. D3 – describe how the activity is set up to promote the children the children’s interest. Get the children’s attention firstly and tell them to come and help you set up the activity. When you’re choosing the paint ask the children what colours they want to use. Choose a child to pour the pasta into the containers, give all the children paint brushes to paint the pasta, supervise them to make sure they are all playing together and encourage all the children to take part in the activity. Once all the pasta has been painted take the trays and put them away to dry, explaining to them the next step of the activity. When the pasta has dried put them onto a table, (still in the containers) get out any beads that may be around and ask the children† who wants to make a necklace or bracelet†. You give the children the choice of what they want to make, while they are doing so interact with them, ask them questions about what they are making, keeping an eye out for the children that are struggling. â€Å"Play may also serve as a pretext, allowing people to explore reactions of others by engaging in playful interaction. † http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Play_(activity) D4 – health and safety considerations Consider any skin allergies of the children. They may not be able to use the paint. Make sure the children are supervised at all times when making the jewellery because the small beads are choking hazards. D5 – the adult’s role in stimulating play in this activity. During this activity the practitioner will play the role of the facilitator. The practitioner will be talking to the children asking them questions; â€Å"what are you making†, â€Å"who are you making it for† and helping the children if they need it. He/she will try and encourage the children who are having trouble and motivating them giving each child praise and acknowledging their efforts. D6 – explain how this activity provided for children’s choices This activity allows the children to make choices and be independent with their play when they’re making their jewellery they can choose whether to make a necklace or a bracelet and they will be able to choose what colour string they would like to use. They can also choose what shape pasta there are. C1 – description of a resource that supports spontaneity and choice The beads support the children’s element of choice because there are different beads of shapes and size a colour; it supports their spontaneity because each child’s jewellery will be different and unique. D7 – how does this activity meet the individual needs of the children? This activity can be for all children. Children with allergies may not be able to do the painting part of the activity. Children with learning needs can take part with the help and supervision of an adult because they might not fully understand what to do so the adult can support and encourage them. B1 – explain how the activity can be extended to meet individual play needs. To extend this activity you could use the pasta for different things. Getting a box and gluing the pasta onto it. Making pictures with the pasta. The children could use the left over pasta as food in a food tray. This activity is suitable for a child with learning needs because it’s supervised by an adult, the child will get help.