Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Gender Roles And Relations Between Women And Women

Today we live in times of rapid change. Of course change and the relationship between men and women in all spheres of society. Gender equality an important trend in all around the world in recent years. This question runs through all the problems of the present and is important in the life of each of us. Under the new views on the development of social equality of men and women determined international organizations a key element of human development, as women and men are inseparably linked with each other and society through family ties, relationships, roles and responsibilities. Gender roles and relations created by society, is constantly changing. This is noticeable from generation to generation. Changed politics and economic relations- changing gender roles. At the societal level the declared rights and opportunities and today the women as social communities don t have access to different social status, resources, privileges, prestige and power. Today the aim is to identify the m ost common gender stereotypes used in advertising, and determine their impact on the integration of the individuals in society. Current priorities in the education of boys and girls are not hard to consolidate standards of masculinity and femininity, but is to explore potential partnerships between boys and girls. Author of â€Å"Becoming Members of Society,† Aaron Devor say, â€Å"We acquire gender roles so early in life and so thoroughly that it’s hard to see them as the result ofShow MoreRelatedGender Relations Between Rural Areas And The West Of Iran1580 Words   |  7 Pages4058971 SYG 2000 2 November 2015 Gender Relations in Rural Areas Summary of the Article   This paper gives a detailed analysis of a peer-reviewed sociology paper to discuss the theme in the paper, giving a summary of the article with research methods and research findings plus relevance of the paper ‘Geographical Perspective on Gender Relations in Rural Areas; a Comparative Study in North and West  of Iran’. The article ‘Geographical Perspective on Gender Relations in Rural Areas; a Comparative StudyRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Relations1512 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history, society has often created division within gender roles and gender relations, typically at the expense of women. In Plato’s Republic, Plato devises his plausible ideal city, Kallipolis, which holds a very different notion of these gender roles and relations from the standard held in the early ages. It is quite progressive as both, men and women, are able to uphold the same positions at work and have access to the same education, and neither are restricted to being the sole caretakerRead MoreTaking a Look at Gender Norms962 Words   |  4 PagesGENDER NORMS The term â€Å"gender† is often used interchangeably with â€Å"sex†. The distinction should be made between gender and biological sex. (Antai, 2012). The US Institute of Medicine in 2001 offered recommendations on these terminologies. (Wizemann Pardue 2001). They referred to sex as a classification, â€Å"generally as male or female, according to the reproductive organs and functions that derive from the chromosomal complement†. (Wizemann Pardue 2001, p.5).They also suggest that gender shouldRead MoreThe Domestic Arena Of The Public Sphere1526 Words   |  7 Pagesnew role of women for the nation building and strengthening. To put it differently, the male nationalists designed and developed the ideal roles of women. As a result, although women were given equal rights, a woman’s role remained in the domestic arena as a â€Å"good wife, wise mother.† In the 1920s, when intellectual New Women began to engage in creating gender discourse, they enhanced women’s roles in social relationship and power structure. Namely, New Women aimed to create new women’s roles as membersRead MoreIssues Influencing The Society Today1610 Words   |  7 PagesGilman illustrates the state of the society; whereby gender inequality has become the new normal. In her analysis, the society has become degraded to a point that the men are superior, actually too superior over the women. This has been evident through some of the roles allocated to the gender, as well as the way they are treated within the society. Gilman believes that the attitudes towards different sex categories have contributed a lot to gender inequality and oppression. Such attitudes have inRead MoreDifferences Between Gender And Social Division Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagessocial division in Aoteroa New Zealand organised around gender relations†. Gender relation refers to differences that appear in all aspects of men and women lives and how these differences impact on accessing resources and seizing opportunities for personal development. Social division can be defined as a group of individuals who share common economic resources which strongly influence their lifestyle. Relation and interdependence between gender and social division is a main topic in New Zealand asRead MoreSex and Gender Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesSex and Gender The terms employed most frequently to describe the differences between men and women are sex and gender. Sex refers to the differing physical attributes of women and men (Lee, Shaw). The categories of sex are male and female. In every society sex differences are given social meanings. Social identity, which is confessed on the basis of assumed sexual differencesRead MoreWomen in Development and Gender and Development1383 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolvement of women in development.{12} b)Which of the two approaches have contributed more to the involvement of women in development activities?{8} a)According to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,Women in development (WID) is an approach to development projects that emerged in the 1970s ,calling for treatment of women’s issues in development projects. Later ,the Gender and Development (GAD) approach proposed more emphasis on gender relations rather thanRead More The Social Construction of Gender and Sexuality Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplifies the definition of gender as a concept; gender is the expectations of a sex according to the culture of society. Sexuality, within this definition of gender, reflects society’s expectations, which are created in relation to the opposite sex. The variances between cultures means that gender expectations change within different cultures. These expectations put pressure on each member of society to conform and abide by the folkways of their own culture. The creation of gender expectations by societyRead MoreThe Text Lessons For Women872 W ords   |  4 PagesThe text Lessons for Women by Ban Zhao â€Å"served as an advice manual for women in China until the twentieth century.† This text was meant to give advice to young women, specifically her daughters, and guide them through life and marriage. She wrote it upon her deathbed at a time when her daughters were ready to be married. Lessons for Women is a text that conforms to the strict gender roles of Confucian society, within those roles it works as a tool to position women in the best place possible and

Monday, December 23, 2019

School Uniforms Educating Students Dress Safely Essay

School Uniforms: Educating students dress safely In today’s era society is forgetting the importance of dressing with ethics when it comes to education. Back in the days it was imperative to wear properly clothing to go to school, the elderly just to say that it was a representation of oneself and it showed how important the studies were for the individual. Therefore, school uniforms, must increase academics, improve behavior, safety and prevent thefts. To begin with, a diminutive history about this important topic. Uniforms have been around for many years, according to ProCon.org, the original documented practice of school uniforms was in England in the year 1222. Students were mandatory to dress a robe-like suit called a cappa clausa. Nevertheless, it wasn t up until the 16th era that contemporary school uniforms made a presence in verified ancient times. Uniforms give schools a sense of uniqueness and cohesion, said author and historian Alexander Davidson. This tradition of wearing uniform back in the old days has giving the world a better place to live, since those amazing students were focus on their academics rather that clothing as a result, the world is enjoying all the benefit of it, for instance, we have known or read about great leaders, inventors, doctors, nurses, teachers. All because they were focused in making this world a better place to lived. Moreover, the implementation of uniforms in the schools system is imperative for academic achievements.Show MoreRelatedThe Special Needs and Disability Act 20015359 Words   |  22 Pagesstrengthened the rights of access to mainstream and also when it was expanded, it set the SEN code of practice that made it clear to education and care settings that they needed to support children with special needs. It meant in practice that nurseries and schools needed to make reasonable adjustments to accommodate such special needs children. This act strengthens the rights of children with special needs. It requires commitments from care settings themselves. One is to communicate with parents andRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 Pages.............................. Awards and Decorations ................................ Uniforms ........................................... Army Green Service Uniform (Class A) ..................... Army Blue Service Uniform ............................. BDU - Battle Dress Uniform ............................. ACU - Army Combat Uniform ........................... IPFU - Improved Physical Fitness Uniform ................... Chain of Command ................................... Leadership ......Read MoreOb Practices at Chaudhary Group in Nepal13261 Words   |  54 PagesTo Whom It May Concern This is to certify that the following students of ACE Institute of Management, pursuing MBAe, visited our organization Chaudhary House at Sanepa on 9th March 2008 for the preparation of the report about the Organizational Behavior pattern and practices prevailing in this organization. 1. Chandan Khetan 2. Krishna Kumar Shah 3. Shristi Shakya 4. Sushant Shrestha We wish them all the best for the report preparation and other future ventures. Read MoreSouthwest Airlines11551 Words   |  47 Pagesrequest permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 803-133 Southwest Airlines 2002: An Industry Under Siege The Southwest Story Read MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Lenovo Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 124 Logitech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The London School of Economics and Political Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Lowe’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 McDonald’s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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Sunday, December 15, 2019

Media Thinness and Teenagers Free Essays

string(111) " journal Human Organization this spring by a team of black and white researchers at the University of Arizona\." The following paper will present a counterargument to the idea that body image is shaped by attitudes in the media.   Part of this counterargument will rely on the fact that thinness is cultural problem and not a media problem as will be examined using the peer reviewed article Ingrassia Springen wrote The body of the beholder,   which examines attitudes of race in regards to body thinness and how Caucasian women are more strict on their bodies while African American women, due to culture, perceive their normal bodies to be normal. The other argument being presented in this paper will be on how models do not warp young girls’ minds to the ideas of thinness but rather it is an individual perspective that allows women to feel as though they are not thin enough. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Thinness and Teenagers or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Thus the paper’s main idea will be that media does not present a too thin body but rather it is in the perception of the culture that does this. Part A Body image in the media is used to represent a product and to sell that product, like coca-cola or something else.   The media giants choose thin models not as them saying to how women should look but rather as a way to how they want their product to appear to the audience; thus, the scope of this problem comes from teenagers, girls, who buy into the marketing media of supermodel thinness, and then become anorexic to fit this ideal. The idea of thinness is misconstrued on the idea that women’s bodies are too thin and thus those too thin bodies present to the advertising world what their body should look like, but this is not true.   Thinness is in the eye of the beholder, â€Å"When individuals evaluate their appearance, they can either concur or disagree with other evaluators.   If dissensus occurs its direction can be either self enhancing or self-denigrating† (Levinson 1986; 330). Women and men are sensible enough to know what is too thin to be realistic; often times media transform their model’s bodies and digitally improve or reduce the model’s body thus presenting a false image.   This is not done in order to tell young girls that their bodies should be thin but in keeping in mind with the best possible way to present the product of the advertisement, therefore the problem is affecting a mass amount of people, especially in the western society since marketing is targeting these countries.   The fact that such images are digitally ‘improved’ in one way or another is no secret and therefore the good reason that such images produce too thin body ideals does not hold against the argument that they indeed do, I mean we can alter that body shape definitely†¦I mean the computer can pretty much do anything.   You can alter it†¦they don’t tend to †¦but its kind of up to the model editor†¦You make ‘em†¦sort of squish them together to make them look thinner (Milkie 2002; 851). Another argument against the too thin body image presented in the media is that this is more of a cultural attitude.   In The body of the beholder the authors stress that more often than not Caucasian women have poor images of themselves while African American women do not; this is due to culture and not to media; in other words, the body image is in the eyes of the beholder and not in the eyes of the media, â€Å"Quite commonly researchers restrict samples to white subjects or ignore race as an independent variable in their designs.   However, existing anecdotal and case studies report that blacks assign positive qualities of well-being and power to heavy-women† (Levinson et al. 1986; 331). Part B Culture teaches that thinness is the ultimate ideal; but whose culture?   The argument of this paper now becomes mingled with the fact that American culture is imitating African American culture in dress, song, and literature.   Rap, Hip-Hop and Gansta Rap are all becoming the values by which the culture focuses its appearance right down to cars, jewelry, clothing, and body image.   It is now considered normal to have grills on one’s teeth, to wear ‘bling’ and to copy in whatever capacity possible the African American culture and nowhere is this seen more often than in suburban neighborhoods as rap sales are more than half sold to young white audiences. With this new found cultural thing alive in the American culture the other argument evolves into one that also mirrors the body image of African American women which is voluptuous The minority respondents, in sharp contrast, did not emulate these images nor compare themselves as negatively with the models.   Even though most of the black girls occasionally read the mainstream publications, they considered the images less relevant, belonging to ‘white girls’ culture and not part of a reference group toward which they oriented themselves†¦The black girls indicated that they did not relate to the images and did not wish to emulate the rigid white beauty ideal (Milkie 1999; 200). African American women present to culture their body image as counter to waiflike, with curves and in fact African American women are more content with their body image than white women and this goes against the media portraying real, curvy women.   Adolescence will impersonate whatever they see as ‘cool’ or popular and right now there are two conflicting things that arise; the ideal of the waiflike woman, and the ideal of the more voluptuous woman as seen in African American culture. An adolescent will turn to whatever is deemed as cool in their social clique.   This leads to the fact that since American culture has included into its ‘cool’ factor the images of African American women that soon the idea of thinness will be counter culture and African American women’s standards will be the normal standard, â€Å"†¦there’s growing evidence that black and white girls view their bodies in dramatically different ways. The latest finding come in a study to be published in the journal Human Organization this spring by a team of black and white researchers at the University of Arizona. You read "Media Thinness and Teenagers" in category "Essay examples"   While 90 percent of the white junior-high and high school girls studied voiced dissatisfaction with their weight, 70 percent of African-American teens were satisfied with their bodies† (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). This study goes on to state that even when overweight black teenagers were interviewed they still viewed themselves and described themselves as happy.   This source of size in fact is somewhat of a source of pride, the study further emphasized other different facets by which white and black girls viewed themselves, â€Å"Asked to describe women as they age, two thirds of the black teens said they get more beautiful, and many cited their mothers as examples.   White girls responded that their mothers may have been beautiful—back in their youth.   Says anthropologist Mimi Nichter, one of ht study’s coauthors, ‘In white culture, the window of beauty is so small’ (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Part C Thus, the problems of thinness arrive from the culturally dishonest.   Black and white girls are exposed to the same media but their sense of self identity as seen in that media is quite different as the above statements have proven.   Thus, the ideals of beauty are the main contributors of what is considered to be normal.   White girls see 5 foot 7 inches and between 100 to 110 pounds to be normal while African American girls describe their ideal size as exhibiting full hips, thick thighs, and basically in the words of Sir Mix-A lot ‘baby got back’ (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66).   These African American teens also described ideal beauty has having the right attitude. †¦African American mothers must teach their daughters how to negotiate between two often confliction cultures: Black and white and must prepare daughters to cope with the racial and sexual dangers in the realities of the world that Black women must confront†¦Black mothers also play an important role in mitigating the dominant culture’s devaluing messages by providing more positive messages and alternatives to the white middle class ideal to their daughters to offset the negative reflections they see of themselves in the eye of the dominant culture (Lovejoy 2001: 253). This study only further exemplifies the argument in this paper that it is not the media that perpetuates the cult of thinness but rather this false ideal is found in the fact that perception is the ingredient in thinness.   Culture is the curse from which thinness arises, Underlying the beauty gap are 200 years of cultural differences. â€Å"In white, middleclass America, part of the great American Dream of making it is to be able to make yourself over,† says Nichter. â€Å"In the black community, there is the reality that you might not move up the ladder as easily. As one girl put it, you have to be realistic-if you think negatively about yourself, you won’t get anywhere.† It’s no accident that Barbie has long embodied a white adolescent ideal-in the early days, she came with her own scale (set at 110) and her own diet guide (â€Å"How to Lose Weight: Don’t Eat†). Even in this post-feminist era, Barbie’s tight-is-right message is stronger than ever. Before kindergarten, researchers say, white girls know that Daddy eats and Mommy diets. By high school, many have split the world into physical haves and have-nots, rivals across the beauty line. â€Å"It’s not that you hate them [perfect girls],† says Sarah Immel, a junior at Evanston Township High School north of Chicago. â€Å"It’s that you’re kind of jealous that they have it so easy, that they’re so perfect-looking.† (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Thus, the black ideal can be argued to be less limiting, and less focused on something that is unrealistic.   Since white culture stresses the make-over then black culture stresses self respect and being happy with ‘you’.   In Ingrassia Springen’s article they quote Tyra Banks, a supermodel who had said that in high school she was the envy of her white friends when she would repeatedly say that she wanted thighs like her black girlfriends; the split of culture is clearly found in this fact. The media centers on selling a product through presentation of an ideal body.   However, the media world is being taken over by Black culture from BET to Fox.   The ideals are changing with regards to body image.   The strongest signal that is competing for body image is peer pressure.   Since groups of teens are influential with their friends the black community is able to reiterate their ideals of body image to their friends and since they do not emulate the waiflike figures of supermodels so common in culturally white media (which is diminishing) they are more able to disregard the unrealistic image presented to them in advertisements. White girls however are suffering from their own culture and the reiteration of this culture not only through media at times but through the concept that has been taught to them that their mothers are always on a diet.   White culture has taught these girls more than the media has that their daddies eat and their mothers are on diets (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Ingrassia Springen further emphasize that white culture teaches that it is okay and even normal to have an eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia, but in black culture these are even more of a phenomenon as black girls do not succumb to this masochism since their culture does not present it as a strong factor to be considered normal, â€Å"Black teens don’t usually go to such extremes. Anorexia and bulimia are relatively minor problems among African-American girls. And though 51 percent of the black teens in the study said they’d dieted in the last year, follow-up interviews showed that far fewer were on sustained weight-and-exercise programs. Indeed, 64 percent of the black girls thought it was better to be â€Å"a little† overweight than underweight. And while they agreed that â€Å"very overweight† girls should diet, they defined that as someone who â€Å"takes up two seats on the bus.†Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). Ingrassia Springen state in their study that 90% of white girls have some dissatisfaction with their bodies and that 62% of them are on a diet within the past year.   The study further states that 70% of black girls are happy with their body image and 64% say that it is better to be a little overweight than a little underweight (Ingrassia Springen 1995; 66). This paper has stated that the media’s norms are changing with the introduction and focus on black culture that presents different body images.   The paper further stated that media was not the only device by which white girls receive their dissatisfied approach to their own bodies but with their mother’s influence of dieting thinness became an ideal.   It is with the changing cultural norms of switching focus from white culture to black culture that new media images will begin to filter into society as is exemplified through programs on television such as Queen Latifah whose body image though overweight by white culture standards is considered to be beautiful with black cultures.   Thus, the focus of a more voluptuous body, with curves, and a larger ‘booty’ is becoming the American standard. Bibliography Dittmar, Helga Sarah Howard.   (December 2004).   Professional hazards? The impact  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of models’ body size on advertising effectiveness and women’s body-focused  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   anxiety in professions that do and do not emphasize the cultural ideal of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   thinness. British Journal Of Social Psychology, 43(4), 477-497. Dohnt, Hayley Marika Tiggemann.   (September 2006).   The contribution of peer and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   media influences to the development of body satisfaction and self-esteem in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   young girls: a prospective study.   Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 929-936. Ingrassia, Michele; Springen, Karen.   (24 April 1995).  Ã‚   The body of the beholder.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Newsweek,  Ã‚   Vol. 125 Issue 17, p66. Levinson, Richard et al.   (Dec. 1986).   Social Location, Significant Others and Body  Ã‚  Ã‚   Image Among Adolescents.   Social Psychology Quarterly.   Vol. 49, No. 4,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pp330-337. Lovejoy, Meg.   (April 2001).   Disturbances in the Social Body:   Differences in Body  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Image And Eating Problems Among African American and White Women.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gender and Society.   Vol. 15.   No. 2. pp239-261. Milkie, Melissa.   (December 2002).   Contested Images of Femininity: An Analysis of Cultural Gatekeepers’ Struggles with the ‘Real Girl’ Critique.   Gender and Society.   Vol. 16, No. 6.   pp839-859. Milkie, Melissa A.   (June 1999).   Social Comparisons, Reflected Appraisals, and Mass  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Media:The Impact of Pervasive Beauty Images on Black and White Girls’ Self Concepts. Social Psychology Quarterly.   Vol. 62, No. 2.   pp190-210. How to cite Media Thinness and Teenagers, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Leon Battista Alberti Victor Marie Hugo free essay sample

Compares critical aesthetic philosophies of architecture of 15th Cent. Renaissance Italian architect 19th Cent. Romantic French novelist. Though both Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) and Victor Marie Hugo (1802-1885) looked to the past for examples for contemporary architecture, they approached the problem in a completely different spirit. Where Alberti, the Renaissance architect and theorist, wished to impose greater rationality on architecture, and on the disorder of the Medieval city, Hugo, the Romantic novelist, saw a need to remain true to the organic, homogeneous nature of the city of the Middle Ages. The two men were similar in their perception of the Medieval city as an example of uncontrolled growth. But they placed an entirely different value on this fact. Anthony Blunts remark about Renaissance classicism sums up this difference: in architecture the revival of Roman forms was used to create a style which answered to the demands of human reason rather than to the more. We will write a custom essay sample on Leon Battista Alberti Victor Marie Hugo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .